chore(repo): Move extracted yml data to processed dir

Since it has been processed it should reside in the processed dir
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Marty Oehme 2023-12-07 12:44:00 +01:00
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author: Saleh, M. C., & Bruyere, S. M.
year: 2018
title: Leveraging employer practices in global regulatory frameworks to improve employment outcomes for people with disabilities
publisher: Social Inclusion
uri: https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v6i1.1201
discipline: sociology
country:
period:
maxlength:
targeting:
group:
data:
design:
method:
sample:
unit:
representativeness:
causal: # 0 correlation / 1 causal
theory:
limitations:
observation:
- intervention:
institutional:
structural:
agency:
inequality:
type: # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures:
findings:
channels:
direction: # 0 neg / 1 pos
significance: # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
notes:
annotation: |
A global regulatory overview of main barriers and facilitators for a) increasing employment equality for disabled people and b) increasing workplace equality for disabled people.

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author: de Geus, C. J. C., Huysmans, M. A., van Rijssen, H. J., & Anema, J. R.
year: 2022
title: "Return to work factors and vocational rehabilitation interventions for long-term, partially disabled workers: A modified Delphi study among vocational rehabilitation professionals"
publisher: Bmc Public Health
uri: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13295-6
discipline: health policy
country:
period:
maxlength:
targeting: explicit
group: long-term disabled workers
data:
design:
method: Delphi-study
sample:
unit:
representativeness:
causal: # 0 correlation / 1 causal
theory:
limitations:
observation:
- intervention:
institutional:
structural:
agency:
inequality:
type: # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures: rtw
findings:
channels:
direction:
significance: # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
notes:
annotation:

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author: Broadway, B., Kalb, G., McVicar, D., & Martin, B.
year: 2020
title: The Impact of Paid Parental Leave on Labor Supply and Employment Outcomes in Australia
publisher: Feminist Economics
uri: https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2020.1718175
discipline: economics
country: Australia
period: 2009-2012
maxlength: 14
targeting: explicit
group: working mothers
data: national administrative surveys Baseline Mothers Survey (BaMS), Family and Work Cohort Study (FaWCS)
design: quasi-experimental
method: propensity score matching
sample: 5000
unit: individuals
representativeness: national
causal: 1 # 0 correlation / 1 causal
theory:
limitations: can not account for child-care costs; can not fully exclude selection bias into motherhood; potential (down-ward) bias through pre-birth labor supply effects/financial crisis
observation:
- intervention: paid leave
institutional: 1
structural: 1
agency: 0
inequality: gender; income
type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures: rtw
findings: short-term (<6months) decrease of rtw; long-term (>6-9months) significant positive impact on returning to work in same job under same conditions; greatest response from disadvantaged mothers
channels: supplants previous employer-funded leave which often did not exist for disadvantaged mothers; reduction in opportunity cost of delaying rtw
direction: 1 # 0 neg / 1 pos
significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
notes: child-care costs may have additional dampening effect on rtw
annotation: |
A study on the introduction of univeral paid maternal leave in Australia, looking at its impacts on mothers returning to work and the conditions they return under.
It finds that, while there is a short-term decrease of mothers returning to work since they make use of the introduced leave period, over the long-term (after six to nine months) there is a significant positive impact on return-to-work.
Furthermore, there is a positive impact on returning to work in the same job and under the same conditions,
the effects of which are stronger for more disadvantaged mothers (measured through income, education and access to employer-funded leave).
This suggests that the intervention reduced the opportunity costs for delaying the return to work, and especially for those women that did not have employer-funded leave options, directly benefiting more disadvantaged mothers.
Some potential biases of the study are its inability to account for child-care costs, as well as not being able to fully exclude selection bias into motherhood.
There also remains the potential of results being biased through pre-birth labor supply effects or the results of the financial crisis, which may create a down-ward bias for either the short- or long-term effects.

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author: Chao, C.-C., Ee, M. S., Nguyen, X., & Yu, E. S. H.
year: 2022
title: "Minimum wage, firm dynamics, and wage inequality: Theory and evidence"
publisher: International Journal Of Economic Theory
uri: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijet.12307
discipline: economics
country: global
period: 2005-2015
maxlength:
targeting:
group: formal workers
data: WB Doing Business Survey, WDI, ILOSTAT
design: quasi-experimental
method: dual economy general-equilibrium model; Gini coefficient
sample: 43
unit: country
representativeness: national
causal: 1 # 0 correlation / 1 causal
theory: Harris & Todaro rural-urban migration model
limitations: decreasing inequality through increased rural agricultural capital, while reasonable, has to be a prior assumption; short-term firm exit has to be omitted
observation:
- intervention: minimum wage
institutional: 1
structural: 0
agency: 0
inequality: income
type: 0 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures: income
findings: short-term reduction of skilled-unskilled wage gap but increased unemployment, decreased welfare; long-term increased wage equality and improved social welfare
channels: firm exit from urban manufacturing increases capital to rural agricultural sector
direction: 1
significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
notes:
annotation: |
A study looking at the effects of minimum wage increases on a country's income inequality, looking at the impacts in a sample of 43 countries, both LMIC and HIC.
Using a general-equilibrium model, it finds that there are differences between the short-term and long-term effects of the increase:
In the short term it leads to a reduction of the skilled-unskilled wage gap, however an increase in unemployment and welfare,
while in the long term the results are an overall decrease in wage inequality as well as improved social welfare.
It finds those results primarily stem from LMIC which experience significant effects driven by a long-term firm exit from the urban manufacturing sector thereby increasing available capital for the rural agricultural sector, while in HIC the results remain insignificant.
The study uses the Gini coefficient for identifying a country's inequality.
Some limitations of the study include the necessity to omit short-term urban firm exit for the impact to be significant, as well as requiring the, reasonable but necessary, prior assumption of decreased inequality through increased rural agricultural capital.

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author: Clark, S., Kabiru, C. W., Laszlo, S., & Muthuri, S.
year: 2019
title: The Impact of Childcare on Poor Urban Womens Economic Empowerment in Africa
publisher: Demography
uri: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-019-00793-3
discipline: sociology
country: Kenya
period: 2015-2016
maxlength: 12
targeting: explicit
group: mothers
data: national administrative survey Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System
design: experimental
method: RCT
sample: 738
unit: individual
representativeness: subnational, urban
causal: 1 # 0 correlation / 1 causal
theory: economic empowerment theory
limitations: results restricted to 1 year; relatively high attrition rate
observation:
- intervention: maternity benefits; childcare subsidy
institutional: 0
structural: 1
agency: 0
inequality: poverty; gender
type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures: employment probability; hours worked
findings: subsidy increased employment probability (8.5ppts) for poor married mothers
channels: increased ability to work through lower childcare burden
direction: 1 # 0 neg / 1 pos
significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
- intervention: childcare subsidy
institutional: 0
structural: 1
agency: 0
inequality: poverty; gender
type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures: hours worked
findings: subsidy decreased hours worked without decreasing income for single mothers
channels: allows shifting to jobs with more regular hours
direction: 0 # 0 neg / 1 pos
significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
notes:
annotation: |
An experimental study on the impacts of providing childcare vouchers to poort women in urban Kenya, estimating the impacts on their economic empowerment.
The empowerment is measured through disaggregated analyses of maternal income, employment probability and hours worked.
It finds that, for married mothers there was a significantly positive effect on employment probability and hours worked, suggesting their increased ability to work through lower childcare costs increasing personal agency.
For single mothers, it finds a negative effect on hours worked, though with a stable income.
The authors suggest this is due to single Kenyan mothers already working increased hours compared to married mothers, though the effect shows the ability of single mothers to shift to jobs with more regular hours, even if they are not compatible with childcare.
Minor limitations of the study are its restriction to effects within a period of 1 year, and a somewhat significant attrition rate to the endline survey.

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author: Debowicz, D., & Golan, J
year: 2014
title: "The impact of Oportunidades on human capital and income distribution in Mexico: A top-down/bottom-up approach"
publisher: Journal of Policy Modeling
uri: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2013.10.014
discipline: economics
country: Mexico
period: 2008
maxlength:
targeting: explicit
group: poor
data: national administrative survey Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) 2008
design: quasi-experimental
method: general equilibrium model, microeconometric simulation model; using Gini coefficient
sample: 30000
unit: household
representativeness: national
causal: 1 # 0 correlation / 1 causal
theory: human capital theory
limitations: analytical household-level limitations; no indirect cost-effects able to be accounted for; static model
observation:
- intervention: cash transfer (conditional)
institutional: 0
structural: 1
agency: 0
inequality: income; generational
type: 0 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures: income
findings: raises average income of poorest households by 23%
channels: cash influx; positive wage effect benefitting those who keep their children at work; direct benefit for human capital increase (school attendance), indirect benefit for increased scarcity of unskilled labor
direction: 1
significance: 2
notes: study attempts to explictly account for spillover effects
annotation: |
A study looking at the impact of the cash transfer programme Oportunidades in Mexico, conditioned on a household's children school attendance, on income inequality among others.
It finds that a combination of effects raises the average income of the poorest households by 23 percent.
The authors argue in the short run this benefits households through the direct cash influx itself, as well as generating a positive wage effect benefitting those who keep their children at work.
For the estimation of income inequality it uses the Gini coefficient.
Additionally, over the long-term for the children in the model there is a direct benefit for those whose human capital is increased due to the programme, but also an indirect benefit for those who did not increase their human capital, because of the increased scarcity of unskilled labor as a secondary effect.
Due to the relatively low cost of the programme if correctly targeted, it seems to have a significantly positive effect on the Mexican economy and its income equality.

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author: Hojman, A., & López Bóo, F.
year: 2019
title: Cost-Effective Public Daycare in a Low-Income Economy Benefits Children and Mothers
publisher: Inter-American Development Bank
uri: https://doi.org/10.18235/0001849
discipline: development
country: Nicaragua
period: 2013-2015
maxlength: 24
targeting: implicit
group: poor mothers
data: baseline survey and 12-month follow-up survey
design: experimental
method: RCT; instrumental variable; marginal treatment effects
sample: 1442
unit: individual
representativeness: subnational, urban
causal: 1 # 0 correlation / 1 causal
theory:
limitations: effect on employment is insignificant with IV on randomization alone; relatively small overall sample
observation:
- intervention: maternity benefits; childcare subsidy
institutional: 0
structural: 1
agency: 1
inequality: gender; generational; income
type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures: employment; human capital
findings: free childcare significantly increases work participation of mothers (14ppts); increases human capital of children
channels: subsidy removes associated childcare costs (fewer childcare hours)
direction: 1 # 0 neg / 1 pos
significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 mfg / 2 cig
notes:
annotation: |
An experimental study looking at the effects of providing free childcare for poor urban mothers in Nicaragua under the 'Programo Urbano', looking at the effects on inequality for mothers and children.
It finds that providing free childcare for young children of poor mothers significantly increases the employment probability of the mothers (14ppts) independently of the childcare quality.
It also finds significantly positive impacts on the human capital of the children, though dependent on the quality of childcare facilities.
This suggests childcare costs being removed through a quasi-subsidy reducing the required childcare time burden on mothers, increasing parental agency and employment choices.
Some limitations to the study include a relatively small overall sample size, as well as employment effects becoming insignificant when the effect is measured on randomization alone (without an additional instrumental variable).

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author: Sotomayor, Orlando J.
year: 2020
title: Can the minimum wage reduce poverty and inequality in the developing world? Evidence from Brazil
publisher: World Development
uri: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105182
discipline: economics
country: Brazil
period: 1995-2015
maxlength: 12
targeting: implicit
group: workers
data: national administrative surveys Monthly Employment survey (PME)
design: quasi-experimental
method: difference-in-difference estimator
sample: 40000
unit: household
representativeness: national
causal: 1
theory:
limitations: suvey data limited to per dwelling, can not account for inhabitants moving
observation:
- intervention: minimum wage
institutional: 1
structural: 0
agency: 0
inequality: income
type: 0
indicator: 1
measures: poverty; income
findings: within three months of minimum wage increases poverty declined by 2.8%, inequality declined by 2.4%; decreasing impact over time; diminishing returns when minimum is high relative to median earnings
channels: unemployment costs (job losses) overwhelmed by benefits (higher wages); but inelastic relationship of increase and changes in poverty
direction: 1
significance: 2
notes:
annotation: |
A study on the impact of subsequent minimum wage floor introductions on poverty and income inequality in Brazil.
It finds that in the short-term (3 months) wage floor increases reduced poverty by 2.8% and reduced income inequality by 2.4%.
Over the longer-term these impacts decrease, and the minimum wage increases only show diminishing returns when the legal minimum is already high in relation to median earnings.
It suggests that additional unemployment costs, created through new job losses through the introduction, are offset by the increased benefits --- the higher wages for workers.
The authors also suggest an inelastic relationship between increases and poverty incidence.
One limitation of the study is the limit of tracking individuals in the underlying data which can not account for people moving household to new locations.
The data can only track individual dwellings --- instead of the households and inhabitants within --- and thus resembles repeated cross-sectional data more than actual panel data.

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author: Stock, R. (2021).
year: 2021
title: "Bright as night: Illuminating the antinomies of `gender positive solar development"
publisher: World Development
uri: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105196
discipline: development
country: India
period: 2018
maxlength: 1
targeting: implicit
group: women
data: baseline survey, interviews
design: observational
method: quantitative survey and in-depth interviews; discourse analysis
sample: 200
unit: household
representativeness: subnational, rural
causal: 0 # 0 correlation / 1 causal
theory: authoritative knowledge power framework (Laclau&Mouffe)
limitations: no causal research
observation:
- intervention: infrastructure
institutional: 0
structural: 1
agency: 0
inequality: gender; class; spatial
type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures: employment; empowerment
findings: insignificant increased employment probability; advantaged women predominantly belong to dominant castes
channels: project capture by village female elites; women of disadvantaged castes further excluded from training and work opportunities
direction: 1 # 0 neg / 1 pos
significance: 0 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
notes:
annotation: |
An observational study looking at the inclusionary or exclusionary effects of the infrastructure development of a solar park in India which specifically aims to work towards micro-scale equality through regional upliftment.
The project included a training and temporary employment to local unskilled/semi-skilled labor.
It finds that the development instead impacted equality negatively, creating socio-economic exclusion and disproportionately negatively affected women of lower castes.
While acquiring basic additional skills, none of the women participating in training remained connected to the operators of the solar park and none were hired.
An insignificant amount of women from local villages were working at the solar park, of which most belonged to the the dominant caste, and the redistributive potential was stymied through capture by village female elites.
The author suggests this is an example of institutional design neglecting individual agency and structural power relations, especially intersectional inequalities between gender and caste.
The study is limited in explanatory power through its observational design, not being able to make causal inferences.