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feat(data): Add Thoresen2021 training study

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02-data/processed/relevant/Thoresen2021.yml Normal file
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author: Thoresen, S. H., Cocks, E., & Parsons, R.
year: 2021
title: Three year longitudinal study of graduate employment outcomes for Australian apprentices and trainees with and without disabilities
publisher: International journal of disability development and education
uri: https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2019.1699648
pubtype: article
discipline: education
country: Australia
period: 2011-204
maxlength: 36
targeting: explicit
group: disabled
data: experimental survey
design: quantitative survey (n=489); qualitative semi-structured face-to-face interviews (n=30)
method: annual postal survey, baseline and 2 follow-ups; random-effects regression
sample: 489
unit: individual
representativeness: subnational
causal: 0 # 0 correlation / 1 causal
theory:
limitations: non-representative sample, over-representation of learning disability; limited generalisability through sample LFP bias and attrition bias; small control sample size
observation:
- intervention: training
institutional: 0
structural: 1
agency: 1
inequality: disability; income
type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures: hours worked
findings: slightly lower for disabled group initially, increase to no significant difference with non-disabled group at last survey
channels: significant but small overall increase (3.1 hours to 1 hour difference); fluctuations for non-disability group
direction: 1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
- intervention: training
institutional: 0
structural: 1
agency: 1
inequality: disability; income
type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures: hourly/weekly income
findings: wages of disability group substantially lower than non-disability; increases to be non-significant over time; lower for female and disability-pension recipient groups
channels: strong initial diff means disability group potentially more often initially employed at junior rates or skewed through attrition bias
direction: 1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
notes: Disaggregated results for female participants overall more unequal
annotation: |
An experimental survey combined with qualitative interviews for participants of a vocational training programme in Australia, looking at the effects on participants' hours worked and incomes.
It finds, foremost, that initially both the hours worked and the income of people with disabilities are lower on the Australian labour market in general and this reflects in the results for the disability group of participants, which have significantly lower weekly incomes and hours worked than the control group.
Over time, hours worked increase for the disability group to no longer be significantly different but still lower than for the control group (from 3.1 hours to 1 hour difference per week),
however there are large fluctuations in the control group.
Similarly, the wages of the disability group are initially substantially lower than of the control group,
which increases to be non-significant though still lower over time, more so for the earnings of female participants and participants which received a disability pension.
Relevant limitations of the study include the use of a non-representative sample for the national representativeness,
and the overall generalisability being low due to an increased labour force participation bias and attrition bias of the surveys,
as well as only having access to a small control sample size.
Thus, findings should be understood as guiding policy directions, while generalisations should be done with care as some of the larger changes may be due to those limitations,
such as the increased survey response of those with positive wage outcomes.

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scoping_review.qmd
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@ -936,6 +936,18 @@ On the other hand, having participated in a youth-transition training programme,
It thereby highlights the gendered dimension of employment probabilities and points to a necessity to focus training and rehabilitation efforts along multiple dimensions.
Some limitations of the study include its limited generalizability, having a sample located in a single state, as well as a dataset intended for service provision not academic pursuits possibly introducing unreliability in its data and not measuring service quality.
@Thoresen2021 conduct a survey combined with qualitative interviews for the participants of a vocational training programme in Australia, looking at the effects on participants' hours worked and incomes.
It finds, foremost, that initially both the hours worked and the income of people with disabilities are lower on the Australian labour market in general and this reflects in the results for the disability group of participants, which have significantly lower weekly incomes and hours worked than the control group.
Over time, hours worked increase for the disability group to no longer be significantly different but still lower than for the control group (from 3.1 hours to 1 hour difference per week),
however there are large fluctuations in the control group.
Similarly, the wages of the disability group are initially substantially lower than of the control group,
which increases to be non-significant though still lower over time, more so for the earnings of female participants and participants which received a disability pension.
Relevant limitations of the study include the use of a non-representative sample for the national representativeness,
and the overall generalisability being low due to an increased labour force participation bias and attrition bias of the surveys,
as well as only having access to a small control sample size.
Thus, findings should be understood as guiding policy directions, while generalisations should be done with care as some of the larger changes may be due to those limitations,
such as the increased survey response of those with positive wage outcomes.
### Direct transfers
@Emigh2018 study the effects of direct state transfers to people in poverty in the post-socialist market transition countries of Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria.