feat(data): Extract Clark2019

02-data/intermediate/relevant/Clark2019.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+author: Clark, S., Kabiru, C. W., Laszlo, S., & Muthuri, S. 
+year: 2019
+title: The Impact of Childcare on Poor Urban Women’s Economic Empowerment in Africa
+publisher: Demography
+uri: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-019-00793-3
+discipline: sociology
+
+country: Kenya
+period: 2015-2016
+maxlength: 12
+targeting: explicit
+group: mothers
+data: national administrative survey Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System
+
+design: experimental
+method: RCT
+sample: 738
+unit: individual
+representativeness: subnational, urban
+causal: 1 # 0 correlation / 1 causal
+
+theory: economic empowerment theory
+limitations: results restricted to 1 year; relatively high attrition rate
+observation:
+  - intervention: childcare subsidy
+    institutional: 0
+    structural: 1
+    agency: 0
+    inequality: poverty; gender
+    type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
+    indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
+    measures: employment probability; hours worked
+    findings: subsidy increased employment probability (8.5ppts) for poor married mothers
+    channels: increased ability to work through lower childcare burden
+    direction: 1 # 0 neg / 1 pos
+    significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
+  - intervention: childcare subsidy
+    institutional: 0
+    structural: 1
+    agency: 0
+    inequality: poverty; gender
+    type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
+    indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
+    measures: hours worked
+    findings: subsidy decreased hours worked without decreasing income for single mothers
+    channels: allows shifting to jobs with more regular hours
+    direction: 0 # 0 neg / 1 pos
+    significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
+
+notes:
+annotation: | 
+  An experimental study on the impacts of providing childcare vouchers to poort women in urban Kenya, estimating the impacts on their economic empowerment.
+  The empowerment is measured through disaggregated analyses of maternal income, employment probability and hours worked.
+  It finds that, for married mothers there was a significantly positive effect on employment probability and hours worked, suggesting their increased ability to work through lower childcare costs increasing personal agency.
+  For single mothers, it finds a negative effect on hours worked, though with a stable income.
+  The authors suggest this is due to single Kenyan mothers already working increased hours compared to married mothers, though the effect shows the ability of single mothers to shift to jobs with more regular hours, even if they are not compatible with childcare.
+  Minor limitations of the study are its restriction to effects within a period of 1 year, and a somewhat significant attrition rate to the endline survey.

02-data/supplementary/lib.bib

@@ -2668,7 +2668,8 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected}
   urldate = {2023-11-24},
   abstract = {Abstract             Despite evidence from other regions, researchers and policy-makers remain skeptical that women's disproportionate childcare responsibilities act as a significant barrier to women's economic empowerment in Africa. This randomized control trial study in an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya, demonstrates that limited access to affordable early childcare inhibits poor urban women's participation in paid work. Women who were offered vouchers for subsidized early childcare were, on average, 8.5 percentage points more likely to be employed than those who were not given vouchers. Most of these employment gains were realized by married mothers. Single mothers, in contrast, benefited by significantly reducing the time spent working without any loss to their earnings by shifting to jobs with more regular hours. The effects on other measures of women's economic empowerment were mixed. With the exception of children's health care, access to subsidized daycare did not increase women's participation in other important household decisions. In addition, contrary to concerns that reducing the costs of childcare may elevate women's desire for more children, we find no effect on women's fertility intentions. These findings demonstrate that the impact of subsidized childcare differs by marital status and across outcomes. Nonetheless, in poor urban Africa, as elsewhere, failure to address women's childcare needs undermines efforts to promote women's economic empowerment.},
   langid = {english},
-  keywords = {country::Kenya,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,region::SSA,relevant,TODO::full-text,type::maternity\_benefit}
+  keywords = {country::Kenya,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,region::SSA,relevant,TODO::full-text,type::maternity\_benefit},
+  file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/A3WU499D/Clark et al_2019_The Impact of Childcare on Poor Urban Women’s Economic Empowerment in Africa.pdf}
 }
 
 @article{Clayton2016,