feat(script): Update robustness by inequality type

scoping_review.qmd

@@ -1266,14 +1266,26 @@ g = sns.PairGrid(validities[["internal_validity", "external_validity", "identifi
 ### Inequality types analysed
 
 Policy interventions undertaken either with the explicit aim of reducing one or multiple inequalities, or analysed under the lens of such an aim implicitly, appear in a wide array of variations to their approach and primary targeted inequality, as was highlighted in the previous section.
-To make further sense of the studies shining a light on such approaches, it makes sense to divide their attention not just by primary approach, but by individual or overlapping inequalities being targeted, as well as the region of their operation.
+To make further sense of the studies shining a light on such approaches,
+it makes sense to divide their attention not just by primary approach,
+but by individual or overlapping inequalities being targeted,
+as well as the region of their operation.
 <!-- TODO have calculation for amount of studies w/ implicit/explicit targeting? -->
 
 As can be seen in @fig-inequality-types which breaks down available studies by targeted inequalities,
 income inequality is the type of inequality traced in most of the relevant studies.
 This follows the identified multi-purpose lens income inequality can provide, through which to understand other inequalities ---
 many studies use income measurements and changes in income or income inequality over time as indicators to understand a variety of other inequalities' linkages through.
+
+```{python}
+#| label: inequality-targeting-implicit-explicit
+targeting_majority = bib_df["targeting"].value_counts().index.tolist()[0]
+targeting_minority = bib_df["targeting"].value_counts().index.tolist()[-1]
+```
+
 Often, however, income inequality is not the primary inequality being targeted, but used to measure the effects on other inequalities by seeing how the effects of respective inequality and income intersect, as will be discussed in the following section.
+The majority of policies under analysis had an `{python} targeting_majority` focus on all the inequalities analysed in the respective study,
+with only a minority of studies looking at policies with an `{python} targeting_minority` targeting on the inequalities itself.
 
 ```{python}
 #| label: fig-inequality-types
@@ -1304,20 +1316,36 @@ by_inequality = None
 
 With income inequality on its own often describing vertical inequality within a national context,
 the remaining inequalities gathered from the data rather form horizontal lenses to view their contexts through.
-The second most analysed inequality is that of gender, followed by spatial inequalities, disabilities, generational inequalities, inequalities of migration, education and age.
-The following sections will dive deeper into each predominant identified inequality, discuss what the main interventions analysed in the literature are and where gaps and limitations lie.
+The second most analysed inequality is that of gender, followed by spatial inequalities, disabilities, ethnicities, age, inequalities of migration, education and intergenerational issues.
 
-Only a small amount of studies carried analysis of inequalities surrounding migration, generational connections, education and age into the world of work, being the focal point of almost no studies at all.
-Age-related inequalities predominantly factored into studies as an intersection with disability, in focusing on the effects of older people with disabilities on the labour market [@Kirsh2016].
-Studies that solely or mainly target age-related inequalities themselves often do so with a stronger focus on the effects on seniors' health outcomes and long-term activation measures, with some extending into the effects of differentiated pension systems.
+The following sections will dive deeper into the identified predominant inequality areas,
+discuss what the main interventions analysed in the literature are,
+and where overlaps between theoretical approaches and qualitative considerations are,
+as well as where gaps and limitations lie.
+Only a small amount of studies carried analysis of inequalities in the world of work surrounding migration, generational connections, age and education into the world of work.
 
-While a pursuit both worthwhile in its own right and, by the nature of pensions, closely tied to labour markets, the studies ultimately focus on impacts which rarely intersect back into the world of work itself and are thus beyond the scope of this review [see @VanDerHeide2013; @Zantinge2014].
-Equally, for migration few studies strictly can delineate it from racial inequalities or considerations of ethnicity.
-For the purposes of discussion, studies analysing both inequalities concerning ethnicity and migration will be discussed as part of one socio-demographic point of view, though results that do only speak to migration will be highlighted accordingly.
+Age-related inequalities prominently factor into studies as an intersection with disability,
+in focusing on the effects of older people with disabilities on the labour market [@Kirsh2016].
+Studies that solely or mainly target age-related inequalities themselves often do so with a stronger focus on the effects on seniors' health outcomes and long-term activation measures,
+with some extending into the effects of differentiated pension systems.
+
+While a pursuit both worthwhile in its own right and, by the nature of pensions, closely tied to labour markets, the studies ultimately focus on impacts which rarely intersect back into the world of work itself and are thus beyond the scope of this review.[^pension-studies]
+
+[^pension-studies]: For an overview of how retirement and pensions reflect on health aspects in ageing, see @VanDerHeide2013, for a review of pensions intersecting with other possible inequalities and also health outcomes, see @Zantinge2014.
+
+Equally, for migration few studies strictly delineate it from racial inequalities or considerations of ethnicity.
+For the purposes of discussion, studies analysing both inequalities concerning ethnicity and migration will be discussed as part of one socio-demographic point of view,
+though results that do only speak to migration will be highlighted accordingly.
 
 Surprisingly few studies focus on the eventual outcomes in the world of work of earlier education inequalities.
-The majority of studies analysing education-oriented policies focus on direct outcomes of child health and development, education accessibility itself or social outcomes [see @Curran2022; @Stepanenko2021; @Newman2016; @Gutierrez2009; @Zamfir2017].
-Similarly, rarely do studies delineate generational outcomes from income, gender or education issues enough to mark their own category of analysis within.
+The majority of studies analysing education-oriented policies focus on direct outcomes of child health and development, education accessibility itself or social outcomes.[^education-studies]
+Educational inequalities themselves were the outcome-focus of almost no studies,
+often analysed as a different dimension from the world of work and more focused on educations systems for children and youth,
+especially early childhood development.
+Similarly, rarely do studies delineate generational outcomes from income, gender or education issues enough to mark their own category of analysis.
+
+[^education-studies]: For gender inequalities within education paths themselves, see @Stepanenko2021. For possible ways to integrate gender-transformative interventions into professional education, see @Newman2016. For the effects of prior inequalities on taxation preferences, school enrolment and educational choices, see @Gutierrez2009 and @Zamfir2017. For interactions between policies for the knowledge translation of sexual education and their barriers, see @Curran2022.
+
 
 <!-- frameworks/qualitative discussion -->
 <!-- explanatory framework; see data/processed/irrelevant/Eckardt2022 TODO connect with study results above -->
@@ -1329,7 +1357,7 @@ Then, while the wage differences may decrease, the low-skill workers share of na
 The effects on low-skill income share under a system of minimum wage are thus primarily dependent on the amount of low-skill job displacement, as well as the effects of the minimum wage on overall economic output in the first place.
 Ultimately, the author also suggests the institution of low-skill worker training programmes either targeting enhanced productivity for their existing tasks ('deepening skills') or enabling their capability for undertaking tasks previously only assigned to high-skill workers ('expanding skills') which would respectively counteract the negative automation effects on both margins.
 
-Thus, for the current state of the literature on analyses of policy interventions through the lens of inequality reduction within the world of work, there are strong gaps of academic lenses for generational inequalities, age inequalities, education inequalities and inequalities of non-ethnic migration processes going purely by quantity of output.
+Thus, for the current state of the literature on analyses of policy interventions through the lens of inequality reduction within the world of work, there are strong gaps of academic lenses for generational inequalities, age inequalities, educational inequalities and inequalities of non-ethnic migration processes when looking at the quantity of output.
 Care should be taken not to overestimate the decisiveness of merely quantified outputs ---
 multiple studies with strong risk of bias may produce less reliable outcomes than fewer studies with stronger evidence bases ---
 however, it does provide an overview of the size of evidence base in the first place.