feat(data): Extract Hojman2019

02-data/intermediate/relevant/Hojman2019.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+author: Hojman, A., & López Bóo, F. 
+year: 2019
+title: Cost-Effective Public Daycare in a Low-Income Economy Benefits Children and Mothers
+publisher: Inter-American Development Bank
+uri: https://doi.org/10.18235/0001849
+discipline: development
+
+country: Nicaragua
+period: 2013-2015
+maxlength: 24
+targeting: implicit
+group: poor mothers
+data: baseline survey and 12-month follow-up survey
+
+design: experimental
+method: RCT; instrumental variable; marginal treatment effects
+sample: 1442
+unit: individual
+representativeness: subnational, urban
+causal: 1 # 0 correlation / 1 causal
+
+theory:
+limitations: effect on employment is insignificant with IV on randomization alone; relatively small overall sample
+observation:
+  - intervention: maternity benefits
+    institutional: 0
+    structural: 1
+    agency: 1
+    inequality: gender; generational; income
+    type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
+    indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
+    measures: employment; human capital
+    findings: free childcare significantly increases work participation of mothers (14ppts); increases human capital of children
+    channels: subsidy removes associated childcare costs (fewer childcare hours)
+    direction: 1 # 0 neg / 1 pos
+    significance: 2 # 0 nsg / 1 mfg / 2 cig
+
+notes:
+annotation: | 
+  An experimental study looking at the effects of providing free childcare for poor urban mothers in Nicaragua under the 'Programo Urbano', looking at the effects on inequality for mothers and children.
+  It finds that providing free childcare for young children of poor mothers significantly increases the employment probability of the mothers (14ppts) independently of the childcare quality.
+  It also finds significantly positive impacts on the human capital of the children, though dependent on the quality of childcare facilities.
+  This suggests childcare costs being removed through a quasi-subsidy reducing the required childcare time burden on mothers, increasing parental agency and employment choices.
+  Some limitations to the study include a relatively small overall sample size, as well as employment effects becoming insignificant when the effect is measured on randomization alone (without an additional instrumental variable).

02-data/supplementary/lib.bib

@@ -2668,7 +2668,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected}
   urldate = {2023-11-24},
   abstract = {Abstract             Despite evidence from other regions, researchers and policy-makers remain skeptical that women's disproportionate childcare responsibilities act as a significant barrier to women's economic empowerment in Africa. This randomized control trial study in an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya, demonstrates that limited access to affordable early childcare inhibits poor urban women's participation in paid work. Women who were offered vouchers for subsidized early childcare were, on average, 8.5 percentage points more likely to be employed than those who were not given vouchers. Most of these employment gains were realized by married mothers. Single mothers, in contrast, benefited by significantly reducing the time spent working without any loss to their earnings by shifting to jobs with more regular hours. The effects on other measures of women's economic empowerment were mixed. With the exception of children's health care, access to subsidized daycare did not increase women's participation in other important household decisions. In addition, contrary to concerns that reducing the costs of childcare may elevate women's desire for more children, we find no effect on women's fertility intentions. These findings demonstrate that the impact of subsidized childcare differs by marital status and across outcomes. Nonetheless, in poor urban Africa, as elsewhere, failure to address women's childcare needs undermines efforts to promote women's economic empowerment.},
   langid = {english},
-  keywords = {country::Kenya,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,region::SSA,relevant,TODO::full-text,type::maternity\_benefit},
+  keywords = {country::Kenya,done::extracted,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,inequality::poverty,region::SSA,relevant,type::maternity\_benefit},
   file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/A3WU499D/Clark et al_2019_The Impact of Childcare on Poor Urban Women’s Economic Empowerment in Africa.pdf}
 }
 
@@ -6257,7 +6257,7 @@ does NOT look at inequalities affected}
   doi = {10.18235/0001849},
   urldate = {2023-11-24},
   abstract = {This paper evaluates the impacts of a public program that introduced access to part-time childcare centers for children younger than four years of age in poor urban areas in Nicaragua. We explore the effects of this program on several measures of children's and parental outcomes. Our identification strategy exploits the original randomization and the distance to the centers, using Instrumental Variables (IV) and Marginal Treatment Effects (MTE) methods to tackle imperfect compliance with the original treatment assignments. We present a theoretical model to rationalize our IV assumptions. We find a positive impact of 0.35 standard deviations on the personal-social domain of a widely used development test, and an impact of 14 percentage points on mothers' work participation. Our results are robust to different econometric specifications. We also find suggestive evidence that quality greatly matters for the impacts at the child level, but not at the mother level.},
-  keywords = {country::Nicaragua,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,region::LAC,relevant,TODO::full-text,type::maternity\_benefit},
+  keywords = {country::Nicaragua,done::extracted,inequality::gender,inequality::generational,region::LAC,relevant,type::maternity\_benefit},
   file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/5RWXD2JC/Hojman_López Bóo_2019_Cost-Effective Public Daycare in a Low-Income Economy Benefits Children and.pdf}
 }
 
@@ -12103,7 +12103,12 @@ does NOT look at results of specific policy interventions}
   usage-count-last-180-days = {5},
   usage-count-since-2013 = {22},
   web-of-science-categories = {Social Issues; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary},
-  keywords = {relevant,TODO::full-text,type::maternity\_benefit},
+  keywords = {cite::framework,region::global,type::maternity\_benefit},
+  note = {an overview of the trajectory of maternity leave 1880-2018;
+\par
+looks at inputs to maternity leave (female political empowerment, democratization etc) 
+\par
+does not look at EFFECTS of maternity leave},
   file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/UNGU3LEN/Son_Boeger_2021_The inclusiveness of maternity leave rights over 120 years and across five.pdf}
 }