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feat(script): Add Eckardt2022 to cited studies

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It is irrelevant for the sample pool (no empirical data) but useful
as framework for income inequalities.
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Marty Oehme 2024-01-17 11:33:56 +01:00
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02-data/processed/irrelevant/Eckardt2022.yml Normal file
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author: Eckardt, M. S.
year: 2022
title: Minimum wages in an automating economy
publisher: Journal of public economic theory
uri: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpet.12528
pubtype: article
discipline: economics
country: United States
period:
maxlength: nr
targeting: explicit
group: low-skill workers
data: nr
design: simulation
method: task-based framework model
sample:
unit:
representativeness: national
causal: # 0 correlation / 1 causal
theory:
limitations:
observation:
- intervention: minimum wage
institutional: 1
structural: 1
agency: 0
inequality: income
type: 0 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures: income share (low-skill workers)
findings: decreases if large displacement effects through machines/high-skill workers
channels: displacement effects; changed demand; non-flexibility of wages
direction: -1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
significance: # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
- intervention: minimum wage
institutional: 1
structural: 1
agency: 0
inequality: income
type: 0 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
measures: absolute wages (high-skill/low-skill)
findings: inequality decreases
channels:
direction: # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
significance: # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
notes: only framework-based not on empirical data
annotation: |
A study on the effects of minimum wage on income inequality, taking into account the effects of various kinds of automation within the economy.
The study considers several types of automation, with automation on the extensive margin (automation of more tasks) leading to decreased wage inequality between low-skill and high-skill earners if it results in decreased overall outputs due to wage compression, and vice versa for increased total outputs.
Automation on the intensive margin (increased productivity of automating existing tasks) has ambiguous effects on the employment share of low-skill workers (who are possibly displaced) and a higher minimum wage here decreases the inequality between low-skill wages and higher-skill wages.
However, it may also result in a ripple effect which results in the overall share of income of low-skill workers not increasing, if more machines or high-skill workers displace them.
Then, while the wage differences may decrease, the low-skill workers share of national income is identified as non-increasing and the share of low-skill employment could decrease.
The effects on low-skill income share under a system of minimum wage are thus primarily dependent on the amount of low-skill job displacement, as well as the effects of the minimum wage on overall economic output in the first place.
Ultimately, the author also suggests the institution of low-skill worker training programmes either targeting enhanced productivity for their existing tasks ('deepening skills') or enabling their capability for undertaking tasks previously only assigned to high-skill workers ('expanding skills') which would respectively counteract the negative automation effects on both margins.

9
scoping_review.qmd
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@ -1102,6 +1102,15 @@ Surprisingly few studies focus on the eventual outcomes in the world of work of
The majority of studies analysing education-oriented policies focus on direct outcomes of child health and development, education accessibility itself or social outcomes [see @Curran2022; @Stepanenko2021; @Newman2016; @Gutierrez2009; @Zamfir2017].
Similarly, rarely do studies delineate generational outcomes from income, gender or education issues enough to mark their own category of analysis within.
<!-- explanatory framework; see data/processed/irrelevant/Eckardt2022 TODO connect with study results above -->
The effects of automation on income inequality are more clearly put into focus by @Eckardt2022 by studying income inequality and under the effects of various kinds of automation and a minimum wage within the economy.
He considers several types of automation, with automation on the extensive margin (automation of more tasks) leading to decreased wage inequality between low-skill and high-skill earners if it results in decreased overall outputs due to wage compression, and vice versa for increased total outputs.
Automation on the intensive margin (increased productivity of automating existing tasks) has ambiguous effects on the employment share of low-skill workers (who are possibly displaced) and a higher minimum wage here decreases the inequality between low-skill wages and higher-skill wages.
However, it may also result in a ripple effect which results in the overall share of income of low-skill workers not increasing, if more machines or high-skill workers displace them.
Then, while the wage differences may decrease, the low-skill workers share of national income is identified as non-increasing and the share of low-skill employment could decrease.
The effects on low-skill income share under a system of minimum wage are thus primarily dependent on the amount of low-skill job displacement, as well as the effects of the minimum wage on overall economic output in the first place.
Ultimately, the author also suggests the institution of low-skill worker training programmes either targeting enhanced productivity for their existing tasks ('deepening skills') or enabling their capability for undertaking tasks previously only assigned to high-skill workers ('expanding skills') which would respectively counteract the negative automation effects on both margins.
Thus, for the current state of the literature on analyses of policy interventions through the lens of inequality reduction within the world of work, there are strong gaps of academic lenses for generational inequalities, age inequalities, education inequalities and inequalities of non-ethnic migration processes going purely by quantity of output.
Care should be taken not to overestimate the decisiveness of merely quantified outputs ---
multiple studies with strong risk of bias may produce less reliable outcomes than fewer studies with stronger evidence bases ---