feat(data): Extract Khan2021

02-data/intermediate/SAMPLE.bib

@@ -7768,7 +7768,7 @@ does not do impact analysis for single policy},
   usage-count-last-180-days = {3},
   usage-count-since-2013 = {24},
   web-of-science-categories = {Economics},
-  keywords = {country::Pakistan,inequality::income,region::AP,relevant,TODO::full-text,type::trade\_liberalization},
+  keywords = {country::Pakistan,done::extracted,inequality::income,region::AP,relevant,type::trade\_liberalization},
   file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/QZF2BYMB/Khan et al_2021_Trade liberalization and income inequality.pdf}
 }
 

02-data/processed/relevant/Khan2021.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+author: Khan, M. A., Walmsley, T., & Mukhopadhyay, K. 
+year: 2021
+title: "Trade liberalization and income inequality: The case for Pakistan"
+publisher: Journal of Asian Economics 
+uri: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2021.101310
+pubtype: article
+discipline: economics
+
+country: Pakistan
+period: 2010-2011
+maxlength:
+targeting: implicit
+group: workers
+data: GTAP database; SAM Pakistan 2010-2011 (IFPRI)
+
+design: simulation
+method: computable general equilibrium model; MyGTAP model
+sample: 30
+unit: region
+representativeness: national
+causal: 1 # 0 correlation / 1 causal
+
+theory:
+limitations: generalizability might be reduced due to production factor reallocations specific to the rural poor context of Pakistan
+observation:
+  - intervention: trade liberalization
+    institutional: 1
+    structural: 1
+    agency: 0
+    inequality: income; spatial
+    type: 0 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal
+    indicator: 1 # 0 absolute / 1 relative
+    measures: Gini coeff
+    findings: mixed results for free-trade agreements (some Large TA negative correlation w Gini, some regional/bilateral also); impact of trade liberalization depends on micro-economic factors; greater mobility dissipates short-term effects; long-term some increase in income equality
+    channels: increases in income of poor rural agricultural farm households dependent on grain (with largest export grain rising under most FTA, livestock falling); equity increases through increased wages of farm workers, when this did not happen generally equity decrease; wage compression effects
+    direction: 0 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos
+    significance: 0 # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg
+
+notes:
+annotation: |
+  A simulation study on the effects of trade liberalization through FTA on income inequality in Pakistan between different households, measured through the Gini coefficient.
+  It finds that there is no clear general direction for changes through FTA visible, with its impact primarily depending on micro-economic factors.
+  Some large trade agreements are negatively correlated with the Gini while others are positively related, similar to regional and bilateral agreements.
+  Gnerally, this is due to increases in the income of poor rural agricultural farm households being dependent on grain (which is the largest export good often rising under FTA), while livestock predominantly owned by poor rural households decreases in returns under FTA.
+  The deciding channel can then be increases on the wages of farm workers (after among others grain export increases) increasing income equity, which, when they do not happen, can in turn lead to an overall decrease.
+  Lastly, there are wage compression effects between urban and rural households, with richer urban households often decreasing processed food or service production.
+  A greater mobility would dissipate all short-term gains and losses, as changes would get more evenly distributed across regions and households, while over the long term some positive aspects on income equality are visible if increased agricultural growth can be sustained.
+  The study may have some limits to its generalizability due to the production factor reallocations for agricultural households being specific to the rural poor context in Pakistan.

02-data/supplementary/lib.bib

@@ -8032,7 +8032,7 @@ main facilitators: legislation and disability policies; support from people in c
   usage-count-last-180-days = {3},
   usage-count-since-2013 = {24},
   web-of-science-categories = {Economics},
-  keywords = {country::Pakistan,inequality::income,region::AP,relevant,TODO::full-text,type::trade\_liberalization},
+  keywords = {country::Pakistan,done::extracted,inequality::income,region::AP,relevant,type::trade\_liberalization},
   file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/QZF2BYMB/Khan et al_2021_Trade liberalization and income inequality.pdf}
 }
 

scoping_review.qmd

@@ -807,6 +807,15 @@ while trade openness in fact creates jobs in other countries through higher impo
 They do not provide clear channels through which education positively correlates with inequality, though some possibilities are an unequal access to education (through excluding factors such as those based on spatial, gender or financial inequalities), as well as a differentiated quality of education.
 Limitations of the study are the region-wide level of analysis which may obscure context-dependent mechanisms within the different institutional-structural contexts of the countries and potential hidden unobservables which may bias the results.
 
+A simulation study on the effects of trade liberalization through FTA by @Khan2021 looks at income inequality in Pakistan between different households, measured through the Gini coefficient.
+It finds that there is no clear general direction for changes through FTA visible, with its impact primarily depending on micro-economic factors.
+Some large trade agreements are negatively correlated with the Gini while others are positively related, similar to regional and bilateral agreements.
+Gnerally, this is due to increases in the income of poor rural agricultural farm households being dependent on grain (which is the largest export good often rising under FTA), while livestock predominantly owned by poor rural households decreases in returns under FTA.
+The deciding channel can then be increases on the wages of farm workers (after among others grain export increases) increasing income equity, which, when they do not happen, can in turn lead to an overall decrease.
+Lastly, there are wage compression effects between urban and rural households, with richer urban households often decreasing processed food or service production.
+A greater mobility would dissipate all short-term gains and losses, as changes would get more evenly distributed across regions and households, while over the long term some positive aspects on income equality are visible if increased agricultural growth can be sustained.
+The study may have some limits to its generalizability due to the production factor reallocations for agricultural households being specific to the rural poor context in Pakistan.
+
 ## Diversity
 
 {{++ TODO: Subsume under individual other intervention types? ++}}