chore(script): Restructure disability discussion
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@ -906,7 +906,7 @@ as well as having to make the assumption of no population growth for measures to
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### Training & accommodation
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### Training & accommodation
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Similarly, @Shepherd-Banigan2021 undertake a qualitative study on the significance of vocational and educational training provided for disabled veterans in the United States.
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@Shepherd-Banigan2021 undertake a qualitative study on the significance of vocational and educational training provided for disabled veterans in the United States.
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It finds that both the vocational and educational services help strengthen individual agency, autonomy and motivation but impacts can be dampened if the potential for disability payment loss due to the potential for job acquisition impedes skill development efforts.
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It finds that both the vocational and educational services help strengthen individual agency, autonomy and motivation but impacts can be dampened if the potential for disability payment loss due to the potential for job acquisition impedes skill development efforts.
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The primary barriers of return to work efforts identified are an individual's health problems as well as various programmes not accommodating the needs of disabled veteran students,
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The primary barriers of return to work efforts identified are an individual's health problems as well as various programmes not accommodating the needs of disabled veteran students,
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while the primary Facilitators identified are financial assistance provided for education as well as strengthened individual agency through motivation.
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while the primary Facilitators identified are financial assistance provided for education as well as strengthened individual agency through motivation.
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@ -918,7 +918,7 @@ Here, it finds the sessions having a significant increase on more waged days wor
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One limitation is the inability of the study to locate an active ingredient:
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One limitation is the inability of the study to locate an active ingredient:
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Though the intervention clearly aims at strengthening some aspect of individual agency, the exact mediators are not clear, with neither beliefs about work, beliefs about benefits, nor provided service use for mental health or substance abuse impacted significantly.
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Though the intervention clearly aims at strengthening some aspect of individual agency, the exact mediators are not clear, with neither beliefs about work, beliefs about benefits, nor provided service use for mental health or substance abuse impacted significantly.
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The studies thus not only reinforce recommendations for strength-based approaches, emphasizing the benefits of work, but also highlight the targeting importance of subsidy programmes in general on the one hand,
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The studies thus not only reinforce recommendations for strength-based approaches, emphasising the benefits of work, but also highlight the targeting importance of subsidy programmes in general on the one hand,
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in the worst case reducing equity through bad targeting mechanisms,
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in the worst case reducing equity through bad targeting mechanisms,
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and their negative reinforcement effects widening existing inequalities of gender, age and racial discrimination through such targeting on the other.
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and their negative reinforcement effects widening existing inequalities of gender, age and racial discrimination through such targeting on the other.
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@ -1300,18 +1300,23 @@ Structurally approached interventions are also pursued, looking at the overall e
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the individual effects of activation play a role [@Carstens2018].
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the individual effects of activation play a role [@Carstens2018].
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<!-- frameworks/qualitative discussion -->
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<!-- frameworks/qualitative discussion -->
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One framework which approaches the discussion from a more institutional-structural view is provided by the systems level theoretical grounding of @Gruber2014,
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The findings for a need toward agency-based interventions reflect in frameworks which put the organizational barriers into focus and simultaneously demand a more inclusive look into (re)integration of people with disabilities into the labour market and within the world of work [@Martin2020].
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@Kim2020 find the environmental factors in workplaces can significantly affect the individual job retention wishes of disabled employees, through the provided disability facilities influencing both work satisfaction and perceived workplace safety.
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Here, in addition to the predominantly used measures of employment and return to work rates,
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meaningful achievement and decent work should be measured from individual economic and social-psychological indicators, especially in view of the already predominantly agency-based variety of interventions.
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Similarly, @Lindsay2015 highlight a variety of barriers to activation such as limited network ties to working population, skills problems and lower levels of qualification for those receiving disability benefits,
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though also emphasising environmental factors of workplaces not facilitating integration measures or issues of spatial exclusion from labour markets through being located in areas of large-scale industrial restructuring and low geographic mobility.
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One framework which approaches the discussion from an almost entirely institutional-structural view is provided by the systems level theoretical grounding of @Gruber2014,
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separating into the exclusionary effects of disability into institutional factors at the macro level, at the meso level and factors influencing the micro level,
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separating into the exclusionary effects of disability into institutional factors at the macro level, at the meso level and factors influencing the micro level,
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and directly focusing on the separation or inclusion of education, recognition of eligibility for vocational rehabilitation and self-recognition as pre-condition for effective programme undertaking respectively.
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and directly focusing on the separation or inclusion of education, recognition of eligibility for vocational rehabilitation and self-recognition as pre-condition for effective programme undertaking respectively.
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The findings for a need toward agency-based interventions reflect in frameworks which put the organizational barriers into focus and simultaneously demand a more inclusive look into (re)integration of people with disabilities into the labour market and within the world of work [@Martin2020].
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These discussions reinforce the necessity of correct targeting, as @Poppen2017 and @Thoresen2021 highlighted in the fears of losing existing benefits, or negative relation between benefits and employment probabilities.
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@Kim2020 find the environmental factors in workplaces can significantly affect the individual job retention wishes of disabled employees, through the provided disability facilities influencing both work satisfaction and perceived workplace safety.
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The case seems not one of benefits on their own diminishing the readiness for work activation, but the monetary assistance often being provided instead of effective methods of activation, environmental support and agency-driven motivating factors to their respective recipients.
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Here, in addition to the predominantly used measures of employment and return to work rates,
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meaningful achievement and decent work should be measured from individual economic and social-psychological indicators, especially in view of the already predominantly agency-based variety of interventions.
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There is a clear bias in studies on disability interventions towards studies undertaken in developed countries and, more specifically,
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There is a clear bias in studies on disability interventions towards studies undertaken in developed countries and, more specifically,
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based on the Veteran Disability system in the United States which has been the object of analysis for a variety of studies but equally highlights gaps in research on the topic in other contexts and other regions.
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based on the Veteran Disability system in the United States which has been the object of analysis for a variety of studies,
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but simultaneously highlights gaps in research on the topic in other contexts and other regions.
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A recurring focus in all these discussions is their insistence on the intersectional nature of the issue, with gender, ethnicity, location, type and level of disability among others often creating more adverse conditions for disabled individuals.
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A recurring focus in all these discussions is their insistence on the intersectional nature of the issue, with gender, ethnicity, location, type and level of disability among others often creating more adverse conditions for disabled individuals.
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This constitutes a second gap which should provide stronger focus in empirical works, in attempts to disaggregate analyses beyond disability and control group to further understand factors of inequality at work.
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This constitutes a second gap which should provide stronger focus in empirical works, in attempts to disaggregate analyses beyond disability and control group to further understand factors of inequality at work.
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@ -1369,7 +1374,7 @@ focus prevalence on individual inequalities varies widely.
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Research into interventions preventing income inequality are still the dominant form of measured outcomes,
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Research into interventions preventing income inequality are still the dominant form of measured outcomes,
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which makes sense for its prevailing usefulness through a variety of indicators and its use to investigate both vertical and horizontal inequalities.
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which makes sense for its prevailing usefulness through a variety of indicators and its use to investigate both vertical and horizontal inequalities.
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However, care should be taken not to over-emphasize the reliance on income inequality outcomes:
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However, care should be taken not to over-emphasise the reliance on income inequality outcomes:
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they can obscure intersections with other inequalities,
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they can obscure intersections with other inequalities,
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or diminish the perceived importance of tackling other inequalities themselves, if not directly measurable through income.
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or diminish the perceived importance of tackling other inequalities themselves, if not directly measurable through income.
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Thus, while interventions attempt to tackle the inequality from a variety of institutional, structural and agency-oriented approaches already,
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Thus, while interventions attempt to tackle the inequality from a variety of institutional, structural and agency-oriented approaches already,
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