128 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
128 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
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# Older study - Morabito, Negre, Niño-Zarazúa: The distributional impacts of development cooperation projects
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## RQs
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* Are the projects primarily helping reduce inequality in Benin, Djibouti-Ethiopia, Uganda, Vietnam?
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* reducing inequality = affecting the bottom 40% of wealth distribution
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* are they explicitly targeting a reduction of inequality?
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* are the bottom 40% the direct beneficiaries of the programme?
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* is the method of scoreboard and equity tool combined effective for establishing this?
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## Methodology
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2 sides:
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* explicit targeting:
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* Inequality Markers/Scoreboard assessing whether inequality reduction is central objective
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* primary beneficiaries:
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* Equity Tool to estimate distributional impact of measures
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* in-depth:
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* assessment of explicit aims of project to benefit lower part of wealth distribution (qualitative)
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* for budget support/support for government spending assessment of disproportional effects for bottom 40% of income distribution
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* geographical allocation assessment analyzes direction of benefits to areas with high proportion of households at bottom of income distribution
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* willingness of programme/project to address inequality as goal through associated documentation for project/agency's country strategy
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* advantages of methodology:
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* allows possibility to obtain relevant information within limited budget/timeframe
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* can be implemented ex-ante at baseline or ex-post at end line of policy interventions
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# New Study - Inequality in Vietnam, Uganda, Benin, Ethiopia-Djibouti
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## What I do (TOR)
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1. Review of project documents for context familiarization
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2. Review of recent literature on level and drivers of inequalities in each country case study:
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* focus on income inequality (bases on bottom 40% wealth distribution, Gini coefficient, other inequality meaures)
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* policy areas of AFD development interventions (e.g. inequalities in access to safe drinking water in Uganda)
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3. Descriptive analysis of composition and trends of development assistance to sector of interest in recipient country by:
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* by type of finance (does this overlap with OECD DAC type of aid?)
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* cooperation modality
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* type of donor
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based on OECD DAC (Development Assistance Committee) CRS (Creditor Reporting System) dataset and DAC CRS codes
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## What I do (detailed steps)
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1. analysis of inequality levels in country, and primary drivers:
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* Gini coefficients over time
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* Povcalnet (poverty headcounts)
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* + primary drivers from literature on country inequality
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2. analysis of donor/national plans:
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* inequality reduction contained in objective of AFD / EU interventions
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* assessment with scorecard built from indicators from Robilliard and Lawson (2017)
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* how well are inequality drivers assessed for country/sectors
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3. analysis of potential inequality reducing effects:
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* a. of programmes/projects:
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* provide first order assessment of potential effects on inequality no accounting for indirect/general equilibrium effects
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* see if more than 40% of beneficiaries are below 40% of income/wealth distribution - likely to have reducing effect
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* use equity tool to see beneficiaries' wealth distribution
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* b. of budget support operations:
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* incidence analysis of government expenditure to identify extent of benefiting bottom 40% of income distribution
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* 'Commitment to Equity (CEQ)' assessment tools and Standard indicators
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* Gini coefficients broken down into market income/disposable and final incomes as well as their pre-/post-distribution
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## Projects
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* Vietnam [AFD](https://www.afd.fr/en/page-region-pays/vietnam)
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* Loans:
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* Improving Electricity Interconnection - Powerline construction loan [here](https://www.afd.fr/en/carte-des-projets/improving-electricity-interconnection-vietnam)
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* Drainage, Irrigation Improvement project - Irrigation area construction loan/expertise [here](https://www.afd.fr/en/carte-des-projets/improving-electricity-interconnection-vietnam)
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* Uganda
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* Loans:
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* Electricity Substation Construction Aid [here](https://www.afd.fr/en/carte-des-projets/high-voltage-line-and-its-associated-substations-improve-access-electricity-west)
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* Electrification Network Grid Extensions [here](https://www.afd.fr/en/carte-des-projets/extending-rural-electrification-grid-order-boost-economic-dynamism-west-regions)
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* Drinking water access improvement [here](https://www.afd.fr/en/carte-des-projets/improving-access-drinking-water-and-sanitation-kampala)
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* ASToN Smart Town technical expertise provision [here](https://www.afd.fr/en/carte-des-projets/aston-financing-african-smart-towns-network-making-digital-transition)
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* Creative Entrepreneurship Support Grant [here](https://www.afd.fr/en/carte-des-projets/afrique-creative-promoting-creative-entrepreneurship-africa)
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* Ethiopia-Djibouti
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* Benin
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## Resources
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* Sector classification: https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/purposecodessectorclassification.htm
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* Type of finance (e.g. budget support, project-type interventions): https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/type-aid.htm
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* DAC CRS codes: https://www.oecd.org/development/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/dacandcrscodelists.htm
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* Global Picture development committee: https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-data/
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* DAC CRS dataset: stats.oecd.org
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* Equity Tool: https://www.equitytool.org/
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* Commitment to Equity:
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* data access here - https://commitmentoequity.org/datacenter
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* visualizations with xls export here (ex Ethiopia) - https://commitmentoequity.org/datavisualization/country/ETH
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* WorldBank (poverty/inequality) indicators: (ex Eth) https://data.worldbank.org/country/ethiopia
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## Questions
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1. How is the project selection going to go - e.g. there are already 8 AFD projects operating in Uganda - who picks and chooses?
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* Are the development programs/projects pre-selected?
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2. Do we already have a questionnaire conducted with EquityTool for the individual project-based development or is this something to be done after programme assessments?
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3. what is the general time plan for the project - when would analysis/writing be ideal
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* TOR states June to end of Sep - is this project period as well?
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* I can maybe devote a couple hours here/there in June but mostly to the end of June
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* only really begin with analysis come July
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4. When it says 'type of finance' in the analysis, is that the same facet as type of aid (meaning budget support, project-type intervention) or something different?
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## Meeting
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Projects:
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* Uganda - AFD drinking access rural/poor
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* not just income/ Gini
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* unequality of water access
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* what are underpinning problems
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* Benin - electricity
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* how unequal is el distrib.
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* rural
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* Vietnam - water distribution/dam lock projects
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* how do floodings affect people unequally
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* water management inequality problems
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* infrastructure quality difference - per area etc
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* Djibouti-Eth - trade between countries
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* problems between conflict
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* may include it, may not - prepare for background anyways
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* results should be ~10 pg overviews overall (incl graphs tables)
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* use policy reports as inputs, e.g. gov doc / international policy reports on inequality
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* distribution within countries / esp within B40
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* ideally there will come info from AFD /other donors
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* look into tax exemption
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