afd-development-contexts/notes/benin/2208181301_literature-education.md

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[x] McNabb2018 - regional and gender inequalities in school attendance

  • looks at attendance rates and its determinants
  • results:
    • high increases in attendance since 1990s
    • important determinants: richer HHs, Christian religion, educated HHHs more likely to have children enrolled in school
    • gender disparities persist:
      • girls less likely to attend, adopted girls at greatest disadvantage
    • opportunity costs higher for boys working along school than girls
      • distance mattered more for boys working in field than domestic work

[x] Gruijters2020 - learning inequality of poor and rich

  • looks at correlation of family socioeconomic status and learning outcomes
    • data from 10 francophone African countries
    • standardized mathematics and reading competence end of primary school
  • results:
    • outcomes both poor and highly stratified
    • 3 determinants within family socioeconomic status, but little effect overall:
      • educational resources at home
      • health/well-being
      • differences in school quality
    • most effect comes from differing school quality (unequal distribution of resources teachers, textbooks) and high socio-economic segregation between schools

[x] WorldBank2022a - Learning poverty

  • looks at Learning Poverty Indicator formed of 'Schooling Deprived' (out-of-school) children and 'Learning Deprived' (below minimum proficiency) children
  • results:
    • 56% of children late primary age not proficient in reading
    • 55% of children do not achieve minimum proficiency level at end of primary school
    • 3% of primary school-aged children are not enrolled in school
  • does not disaggregate rural/location-based, can not disaggregate gender (missing data in Benin, except learning deprivation 56.1% boys, 52.8% girls) etc.