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Add refugee camps Uganda part

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Marty Oehme 2022-09-02 16:20:06 +02:00
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_drivers-of-inequality-uganda.qmd
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@ -113,8 +113,24 @@ Lastly, even for inhabitants of wetland areas, droughts can pose problems.
@Yikii2017, looking at the prevalence and determining factors of food insecurity in wetland adjacent areas in the district, find that 93% of households within wetlands are already food insecure due to poverty, low levels of labor productivity and low levels of education,
which they argue would worsen in droughts unless the government finds ways of promoting food and nutrition education, alternative income generating activities, drought resistant crop varieties and ways of water conservation.
Uganda houses around 1.3 million refugees in 13 refugee camps located in 11 districts across the country,
including Nakivale refugee camp in the Isingiro district.
In refugee camps, water continues to be a scarce resource:
While concrete reports on refugee camps in the Isingiro district are scarce,
the circumstances in neighboring refugee camps have more received more quantification,
with only 67% of the Kyangwali refugee camp having access to improved water sources and only 46% access to sanitation service facilities [@Calderon-Villarreal2022].
Little access to sanitation sites can in turn negatively affect access to clean water if no improved water sources are nearby,
as was the case with a prolonged cholera outbreak in Kyangwali due to a contaminated stream in 2018 [@Monje2020].
Such resource scarcity can also be a gendered problem,
with predominantly girls and young women experiencing an increased amount of sexual and gender based violence as access to resources (especially water, food and firewood) becomes more scarce [@Logie2021].
In Nakivale refugee camp, water scarcity is an increasingly urgent issue,
with its primary reasons being a limited waste management system exacerbating Lake Nakivale's water quality degradation and a poor state of water reticulation:
a large number of non-functioning tap stands,
underfunded and non-functioning water treatment plants,
while peripheries of the settlement are not covered by water supply at all [@UNHCR2020].
<!-- conclusion -->
Thus, while Uganda's poverty and inequality are trending towards drastically worsening over the last years,
Thus, while Uganda's poverty and inequality are not trending towards drastically worsening over the last years,
hidden disparities bring its issues in focus once disaggregated:
Nationally, poverty is a looming transient affair for many households, more if increasing the country's very low national line of poverty.
Inequality derives itself partly from this poverty, making it necessary for many to accept informal work which, taken at large, in turn fosters further national inequality.