library: Add Uganda refugee camp sources
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@ -116,6 +116,57 @@
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Assessment.pdf},
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}
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@article{Bako2021,
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title = {Towards Attaining the Recommended {{Humanitarian Sphere Standards}}
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of Sanitation in {{Bidibidi}} Refugee Camp Found in {{Yumbe District
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}}, {{Uganda}}},
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author = {Bako, Zaitun and Barakagira, Alex and Nabukonde, Ameria},
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date = {2021-12},
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journaltitle = {Journal of International Humanitarian Action},
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shortjournal = {Int J Humanitarian Action},
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volume = {6},
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number = {1},
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pages = {17},
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issn = {2364-3412, 2364-3404},
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doi = {10.1186/s41018-021-00105-8},
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abstract = {Abstract Adequate sanitation is one of the most important
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aspects of community well-being. It reduces the rates of
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morbidity and severity of various diseases like diarrhea,
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dysentery, and typhoid among others. A study about toward the
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attainment of the recommended Humanitarian Sphere Standards on
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sanitation in Bidibidi refugee camp, Yumbe District, was
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initiated. A total of 210 households distributed in Bidibidi
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refugee camp were randomly selected and one adult person
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interviewed to assess the accessibility of different sanitation
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facilities, and to explore the sanitation standards of the
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sanitation facilities in relation to the recommended Humanitarian
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Sphere Standards in the area. Pit latrines, hand washing
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facilities, and solid waste disposal areas as reported by 81.4\%,
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86.7\%, and 51.9\% of the respondents respectively, are the main
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sanitation facilities accessed in the refugee camp. Despite their
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accessibility, the standards of the pit latrines, hand washing,
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and solid waste disposal facilities are below the recommended
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standards, which might have contributed to the outbreak of
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sanitation related diseases (χ 2 = 19.66, df = 1, P = 0.05) in
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Bidibidi refugee camp. The respondents in the study area were
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aware that the presence of the sanitation-related diseases was
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because of the low-level sanitation practices in place (χ 2 =
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4.54, df = 1, P = 0.05). The inaccessibility to some sanitation
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facilities by some respondents was found to be related to their
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low level of education (χ 2 = 130.37, df = 1, P = 0.05). This
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implies that the sanitation facilities in Bidibidi refugee camp
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need to be redesigned and improved especially the pit latrines
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and the solid waste disposal facilities in order to meet the
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minimum Humanitarian Sphere Standards. Also, there should be more
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provision of taps with flowing water in the camp for effective
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washing practices to minimize the spread of sanitation-related
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diseases.},
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langid = {english},
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keywords = {country::Uganda,topic::refugee,topic::water},
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file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/C8A3WUM2/Bako2021_Towards attaining the
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recommended Humanitarian Sphere Standards of sanitation.pdf},
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}
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@article{Barry2020,
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title = {Pay-as-You-Go Contracts for Electricity Access: {{Bridging}} the
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“Last Mile” Gap? {{A}} Case Study in {{Benin}}},
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@ -353,6 +404,71 @@
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Inequality in Vietnam, 2002–2012.pdf},
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}
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@article{Calderon-Villarreal2022,
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title = {Social and Geographic Inequalities in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
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Access in 21 Refugee Camps and Settlements in {{Bangladesh}}, {{
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Kenya}}, {{Uganda}}, {{South Sudan}}, and {{Zimbabwe}}},
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author = {Calderón-Villarreal, Alhelí and Schweitzer, Ryan and Kayser,
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Georgia},
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date = {2022-12},
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journaltitle = {International Journal for Equity in Health},
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shortjournal = {Int J Equity Health},
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volume = {21},
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number = {1},
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pages = {27},
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issn = {1475-9276},
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doi = {10.1186/s12939-022-01626-3},
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abstract = {Abstract Introduction Many refugees face challenges accessing
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water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services. However, there is
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limited literature on WASH access for refugee populations,
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including for menstrual health services. Unmet WASH access needs
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may therefore be hidden, amplifying morbidity and mortality risks
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for already vulnerable refugee populations. The aim of this study
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was therefore to quantitatively analyze WASH access among refugee
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camps, with a focus on households with women of reproductive age.
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Methods This was a cross-sectional study that utilized the
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Standardized WASH Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Survey.
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A total of 5632 household questionnaires were completed by the
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United Nations Refugee Agency in 2019 in 21 refugee camps and
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settlements in Bangladesh, Kenya, South Sudan, Uganda, and
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Zimbabwe. WASH access (14 items) and social and geographic
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stratifiers were analyzed at the household-level including the
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refugee camp, country of the settlement, having women of
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reproductive age, members with disability/elderly status, and
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household size. We calculated frequencies, odds ratios, and
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performed bivariate and multivariate analyses to measure
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inequalities. We developed a Female WASH Access Index to
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characterize WASH access for households with women of
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reproductive age. Results Most refugee households had high levels
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of access to improved water (95\%), low levels of access to waste
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disposal facility (64\%) and sanitation privacy (63\%), and very
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low access to basic sanitation (30\%) and hand hygiene facility
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(24\%). 76\% of households with women of reproductive age had
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access to menstrual health materials. WASH access indicators and
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the Female WASH Access Index showed large inequalities across
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social and geographic stratifiers. Households with disabled or
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elderly members, and fewer members had poorer WASH access.
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Households with women of reproductive age had lower access to
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basic sanitation. Conclusions Large inequalities in WASH access
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indicators were identified between refugee sites and across
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countries, in all metrics. We found high levels of access to
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improved water across most of the refugee camps and settlements
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studied. Access to basic hygiene and sanitation, sanitation
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privacy, waste disposal, and menstrual health materials, could be
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improved across refugee sites. Households with women of
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reproductive age, with 4+ members, and without members with
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disability/elderly status were associated with higher WASH
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access. The female WASH access index piloted here could be a
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useful tool to quickly summarize WASH access in households with
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women of reproductive age.},
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langid = {english},
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keywords = {country::Bangladesh,country::Kenya,country::South Sudan,
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country::Uganda,status::skimmed,topic::refugee,topic::water},
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file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/HXMCVQ5J/Calderon-Villarreal2022_Social
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and geographic inequalities in water, sanitation and hygiene access
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in.pdf},
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}
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@article{Cali2014,
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title = {Trade Boom and Wage Inequality: Evidence from {{Ugandan}} Districts
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},
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@ -1371,6 +1487,64 @@
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Done.pdf},
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}
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@article{Kyozira2021,
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title = {Integration of the {{UNHCR Refugee Health Information System}} into
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the {{National Health Information Management System}} for {{Uganda}}
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},
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author = {Kyozira, Caroline and Kabahuma, Catherine and Mpiima, Jamiru},
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date = {2021-09},
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journaltitle = {Health Information Management Journal},
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shortjournal = {HIM J},
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volume = {50},
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number = {3},
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pages = {149--156},
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issn = {1833-3583, 1833-3575},
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doi = {10.1177/1833358319887817},
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abstract = {Background: The Uganda Government, together with development
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partners, has provided continuing support services (including
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protection, food, nutrition, healthcare, water and sanitation) to
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refugee-hosting Districts to successfully manage refugees from
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different neighbouring countries in established settlements. This
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service has increased the need for timely and accurate
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information to facilitate planning, resource allocation and
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decision-making. Complexity in providing effective public health
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interventions in refugee settings coupled with increased funding
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requirements has created demands for better data and improved
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accountability. Health data management in refugee settings is
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faced with several information gaps that require harmonisation of
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the Ugandan National Health Management Information System (UHMIS)
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and United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) Refugee
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Health Information System (RHIS). This article discusses the
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rationale for harmonisation of the UNHCR RHIS, which currently
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captures refugee data, with the UHMIS. It also provides insights
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into how refugee health data management can be harmonised within
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a country’s national health management information system.
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Method: A consultative meeting with various stakeholders,
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including the Ugandan Ministry of Health, district health teams,
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representatives from UNHCR, the United Nations Children Education
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Fund (UNICEF), United States Government and civil society
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organisations, was held with an aim to review the UHMIS and UNHCR
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RHIS health data management systems and identify ways to
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harmonise the two to achieve an integrated system for monitoring
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health service delivery in Uganda. Results: Several challenges
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facing refugee-hosting district health teams with regard to
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health data management were identified, including data collection
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, analysis and reporting. There was unanimous agreement to
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prioritise an integrated data management system and harmonisation
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of national refugee stakeholder data requirements, guided by key
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recommendations developed at the meeting. Conclusion: This
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article outlines a proposed model that can be used to harmonise
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the UNHCR RHIS with the UHMIS. The national refugee stakeholder
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data requirements have been harmonised, and Uganda looks forward
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to achieving better health data quality through a more
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comprehensive national UHMIS to inform policy planning and
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evidence-based decision-making.},
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langid = {english},
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keywords = {country::Uganda,status::skimmed,topic::refugee,topic::water},
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file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/M9FTQ6TN/Kyozira2021_Integration of the
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UNHCR Refugee Health Information System into the National.pdf},
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}
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@article{Le2019,
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title = {Trade Liberalisation, Poverty, and Inequality in {{Vietnam}}: A
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Quantile Regression Approach},
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@ -1509,6 +1683,73 @@
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note = {Includes index},
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}
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@article{Logie2021,
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title = {Exploring Resource Scarcity and Contextual Influences on Wellbeing
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among Young Refugees in {{Bidi Bidi}} Refugee Settlement, {{Uganda}}
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: Findings from a Qualitative Study},
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shorttitle = {Exploring Resource Scarcity and Contextual Influences on
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Wellbeing among Young Refugees in {{Bidi Bidi}} Refugee
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Settlement, {{Uganda}}},
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author = {Logie, Carmen H. and Okumu, Moses and Latif, Maya and Musoke,
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Daniel Kibuuka and Odong Lukone, Simon and Mwima, Simon and
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Kyambadde, Peter},
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date = {2021-12},
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journaltitle = {Conflict and Health},
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shortjournal = {Confl Health},
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volume = {15},
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number = {1},
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pages = {3},
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issn = {1752-1505},
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doi = {10.1186/s13031-020-00336-3},
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abstract = {Abstract Background Contextual factors including poverty and
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inequitable gender norms harm refugee adolescent and youths’
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wellbeing. Our study focused on Bidi Bidi refugee settlement that
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hosts more than 230,000 of Uganda’s 1.4 million refugees. We
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explored contextual factors associated with wellbeing among
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refugee adolescents and youth aged 16–24 in Bidi Bidi refugee
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settlement. Methods We conducted 6 focus groups ( n \,=\,3: women
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, n \,=\,3: men) and 10 individual interviews with young refugees
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aged 16–24 living in Bidi Bidi. We used physical distancing
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practices in a private outdoor space. Focus groups and individual
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interviews explored socio-environmental factors associated with
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refugee youth wellbeing. Focus groups were digitally recorded,
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transcribed verbatim, and coded by two investigators using
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thematic analysis. Analysis was informed by a social contextual
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theoretical approach that considers the interplay between
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material (resource access), symbolic (cultural norms and values),
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and relational (social relationships) contextual factors that can
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enable or constrain health promotion. Results Participants
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included 58 youth (29 men; 29 women), mean age was 20.9 (range
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16–24). Most participants (82.8\%, n \,=\,48) were from South
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Sudan and the remaining from the Democratic Republic of Congo
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(17.2\% [ n \,=\,10]). Participant narratives revealed the
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complex interrelationships between material, symbolic and
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relational contexts that shaped wellbeing. Resource constraints
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of poverty, food insecurity, and unemployment (material contexts)
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produced stress and increased sexual and gender-based violence
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(SGBV) targeting adolescent girls and women. These economic
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insecurities exacerbated inequitable gender norms (symbolic
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contexts) to increase early marriage and transactional sex
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(relational context) among adolescent girls and young women.
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Gendered tasks such as collecting water and firewood also
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increased SGBV exposure among girls and young women, and this was
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exacerbated by deforestation. Participants reported negative
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community impacts (relational context) of COVID-19 that were
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associated with fear and panic, alongside increased social
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isolation due to business, school and church closures.
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Conclusions Resource scarcity produced pervasive stressors among
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refugee adolescents and youth. Findings signal the importance of
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gender transformative approaches to SGBV prevention that
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integrate attention to resource scarcity. These may be
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particularly relevant in the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings signal
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the importance of developing health enabling social contexts with
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and for refugee adolescents and youth.},
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langid = {english},
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keywords = {country::Uganda,status::skimmed,topic::refugee,topic::water},
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file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/PEAXZ8P9/Logie2021_Exploring resource
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scarcity and contextual influences on wellbeing among young.pdf},
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}
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@article{Lwanga-Ntale2014,
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title = {Inequality in {{Uganda}}: {{Issues}} for Discussion and Further
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Research},
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@ -1662,7 +1903,7 @@
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url = {
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http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/449741576097502078/Challenges-to-Inclusive-Growth-A-Poverty-and-Equity-Assessment-of-Djibouti
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},
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keywords = {country::Djibouti,topic::poverty},
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keywords = {country::Djibouti,status::skimmed,topic::poverty},
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file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/64DR8Z8S/Mendiratta2019_Challenges to
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Inclusive Growth.pdf},
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}
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@ -1678,10 +1919,9 @@
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url = {
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http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/272691596006234817/The-Multi-Dimensional-Nature-of-Poverty-in-Djibouti
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},
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keywords = {country::Djibouti,topic::poverty},
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file = {
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/home/marty/Zotero/storage/TU49848D/The-Multi-Dimensional-Nature-of-Poverty-in-Djibouti.pdf
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},
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keywords = {country::Djibouti,status::skimmed,topic::poverty},
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file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/TU49848D/Mendiratta2020_The
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Multi-Dimensional Nature of Poverty in Djibouti.pdf},
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}
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@article{MinhHo2021,
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@ -1727,6 +1967,77 @@
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SPENDING ON EDUCATION AFFECT PROVINCIAL INCOME INEQUALITY IN.pdf},
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}
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@article{Monje2020,
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title = {A Prolonged Cholera Outbreak Caused by Drinking Contaminated Stream
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Water, {{Kyangwali}} Refugee Settlement, {{Hoima District}}, {{
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Western Uganda}}: 2018},
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shorttitle = {A Prolonged Cholera Outbreak Caused by Drinking Contaminated
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Stream Water, {{Kyangwali}} Refugee Settlement, {{Hoima
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District}}, {{Western Uganda}}},
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author = {Monje, Fred and Ario, Alex Riolexus and Musewa, Angella and
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Bainomugisha, Kenneth and Mirembe, Bernadette Basuta and Aliddeki,
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Dativa Maria and Eurien, Daniel and Nsereko, Godfrey and Nanziri,
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Carol and Kisaakye, Esther and Ntono, Vivian and Kwesiga, Benon and
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Kadobera, Daniel and Bulage, Lilian and Bwire, Godfrey and Tusiime,
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Patrick and Harris, Julie and Zhu, Bao-Ping},
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date = {2020-12},
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journaltitle = {Infectious Diseases of Poverty},
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shortjournal = {Infect Dis Poverty},
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volume = {9},
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number = {1},
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pages = {154},
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issn = {2049-9957},
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doi = {10.1186/s40249-020-00761-9},
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abstract = {Abstract Background On 23 February 2018, the Uganda Ministry of
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Health (MOH) declared a cholera outbreak affecting more than 60
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persons in Kyangwali Refugee Settlement, Hoima District,
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bordering the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). We investigated
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to determine the outbreak scope and risk factors for transmission
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, and recommend evidence-based control measures. Methods We
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defined a suspected case as sudden onset of watery diarrhoea in
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any person aged ≥ 2\,years in Hoima District, 1 February–9 May
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2018. A confirmed case was a suspected case with Vibrio cholerae
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cultured from a stool sample. We found cases by active community
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search and record reviews at Cholera Treatment Centres. We
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calculated case-fatality rates (CFR) and attack rates (AR) by
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sub-county and nationality. In a case-control study, we compared
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exposure factors among case- and control-households. We estimated
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the association between the exposures and outcome using
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Mantel-Haenszel method. We conducted an environmental assessment
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in the refugee settlement, including testing samples of stream
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water, tank water, and spring water for presence of fecal
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coliforms. We tested suspected cholera cases using cholera rapid
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diagnostic test (RDT) kits followed by culture for confirmation.
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Results We identified 2122 case-patients and 44 deaths (CFR\,=\,
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2.1\%). Case-patients originating from Demographic Republic of
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Congo were the most affected (AR\,=\,15/1000). The overall attack
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rate in Hoima District was 3.2/1000, with Kyangwali sub-county
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being the most affected (AR\,=\,13/1000). The outbreak lasted 4
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months, which was a multiple point-source. Environmental
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assessment showed that a stream separating two villages in
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Kyangwali Refugee Settlement was a site of open defecation for
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refugees. Among three water sources tested, only stream water was
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feacally-contaminated, yielding {$>$}\,100\,CFU/100\,ml. Of 130
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stool samples tested, 124 (95\%) yielded V. cholerae by culture .
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Stream water was most strongly associated with illness (odds
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ratio [ OR ]\,=\,14.2, 95\% CI : 1.5–133), although tank water
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also appeared to be independently associated with illness ( OR \,
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=\,11.6, 95\% CI : 1.4–94). Persons who drank tank and stream
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water had a 17-fold higher odds of illness compared with persons
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who drank from other sources ( OR \,=\,17.3, 95\% CI : 2.2–137).
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Conclusions Our investigation demonstrated that this was a
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prolonged cholera outbreak that affected four sub-counties and
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two divisions in Hoima District, and was associated with drinking
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of contaminated stream water. In addition, tank water also
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appears to be unsafe. We recommended boiling drinking water,
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increasing latrine coverage, and provision of safe water by the
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District and entire High Commission for refugees.},
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langid = {english},
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keywords = {country::Uganda,status::skimmed,topic::refugee,topic::water},
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file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/CGVFN6AB/Monje2020_A prolonged cholera
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outbreak caused by drinking contaminated stream water,.pdf},
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}
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@article{Mormul2016,
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title = {Ethio‑{{Djiboutian}} Relations in the 21st Century – towards New
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African Cooperation},
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@ -2650,6 +2961,62 @@
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of drought on household food security in South-western Uganda.pdf},
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}
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@report{UNHCR2020,
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title = {Nakivale {{Settlement}} Profile},
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author = {UNHCR},
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date = {2020},
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number = {HS/029/20E},
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institution = {{United Nations High Commissioner For Refugees}},
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location = {{Geneva}},
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keywords = {country::Uganda,topic::refugee},
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file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/2NPXANQ6/UNHCRNakivale Settlement
|
||||
profile.pdf},
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@report{UNHCR2022,
|
||||
title = {Uganda Refugee Emergency: {{Situation}} Report},
|
||||
author = {UNHCR},
|
||||
date = {2022-08},
|
||||
series = {Inter-{{Agency Situation Report}}},
|
||||
institution = {{United Nations High Commissioner For Refugees}},
|
||||
location = {{Geneva}},
|
||||
keywords = {country::Uganda,topic::refugee},
|
||||
file = {/home/marty/Zotero/storage/LX2SGCK9/UNHCR2022_Uganda refugee
|
||||
emergency.pdf},
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@dataset{UNU-WIDER2022,
|
||||
title = {World {{Income Inequality Database}} ({{WIID}}) {{Companion}} – {{
|
||||
Version}} 30 {{June}} 2022},
|
||||
author = {{UNU-WIDER}},
|
||||
date = {2022-06-30},
|
||||
publisher = {{United Nations University World Institute for Development
|
||||
Economics Research}},
|
||||
doi = {10.35188/UNU-WIDER/WIIDcomp-300622},
|
||||
abstract = {The WIID Companion reports annual country and global per capita
|
||||
income distributions at the percentile level.},
|
||||
langid = {english},
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@dataset{UNU-WIDER2022a,
|
||||
title = {World {{Income Inequality Database}} ({{WIID}}) – {{Version}} 30 {{
|
||||
June}} 2022},
|
||||
author = {{UNU-WIDER}},
|
||||
date = {2022-06-30},
|
||||
publisher = {{United Nations University World Institute for Development
|
||||
Economics Research}},
|
||||
doi = {10.35188/UNU-WIDER/WIID-300622},
|
||||
abstract = {WIID provides the most comprehensive set of income inequality
|
||||
statistics available. With this current WIID version, the
|
||||
observations now reach the year 2019 and covers 200 countries
|
||||
(including historical entities) with over 20,000 data points in
|
||||
total. There are now more than 3,700 unique country-year
|
||||
observations in the database.},
|
||||
langid = {english},
|
||||
keywords = {country::Benin,country::Djibouti,country::Ethiopia,
|
||||
country::Uganda,country::Vietnam},
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@article{VanDePoel2009,
|
||||
title = {What Explains the Rural-Urban Gap in Infant Mortality: {{Household}
|
||||
} or Community Characteristics?},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -118,3 +118,21 @@
|
|||
* general access to improved drinking water 87% urban, 74% rural (19/20);
|
||||
with only small amounts of inequality (75/74 rural poor/nonpoor; 76/90 poor/nonpoor)
|
||||
* but very little access to improved sanitation 39% urban, 25% urban; 19% rural poor, 29% nonpoor; 22% urban poor, 43% urban nonpoor (19/20)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### [x] Logie2021 - Resource scarcity and sexual/gender based violence
|
||||
|
||||
* experiment in Bidi Bidi refugee settlement regarding gender based violence against girls/young women
|
||||
* experience higher levels of viol. as food, water, firewood scarcity increases
|
||||
|
||||
### [ ] Calderon-Villarreal2022
|
||||
|
||||
* cross-sectional study analyzing water, sanitation, hygiene access (WASH) services in refugee populations in Uganda, Kenya, Bangladesh, South Sudan
|
||||
* finds that most households overall had access to improved water (95%), they had low levels of access to waste disposal facility (64%), sanitation privacy (63%), very low access to basic sanitation (30%) and hand hygiene facility (24%)
|
||||
* households with disabled or elderly members or fewer members had poorer access to WASH
|
||||
* large inequalities between refugee sites and across countries:
|
||||
* Kyangwali refugee camp only 67% of refugees have access to improved water, and 46% of improved sanitation service facilities; sanitation privacy at only 8%
|
||||
* other Uganda camps fare better
|
||||
* 83% (or 87? re-read!) access to improved water supply in Ugandan refugee camps - seems too high compared to average access?
|
||||
|
||||
### [ ] Kyozira2021 - integration of UNHCR Refugee health information system into national health management system of Uganda
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue