abstract: 'Rwanda''s development policy focuses on socio-economic transformation

  with a specific focus on the agriculture sector and gender equality.

  Through the commercialization of agriculture, employment opportunities

  inside and outside the sector are expected to be created. Both women and

  men are integrated into this new agriculture production system. Based on

  a mixed-method approach, this paper provides insights into current

  transformations of the rural labour market. The feminization debates

  build the theoretical background. The empirical results show that wage

  employment is created almost exclusively in the informal sector,

  typically for casual on-field agriculture workers. It is apparent that

  for the same work, women earn approximately 20\% less than men. Women

  play an important role in the rural labour market while carrying the

  main bulk of reproductive work. The agricultural transformation is

  gendered, and due to reproductive work, women do not have the same

  opportunities in the paid labour market.'
affiliation: 'Bigler, C (Corresponding Author), Univ Bern, Interdisciplinary Ctr Gender
  Studies, Vereinsweg 23, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.

  Bigler, Christine; Amacker, Michele, Univ Bern, Interdisciplinary Ctr Gender Studies,
  Vereinsweg 23, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.

  Ingabire, Chantal, Egerton Univ, POB 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya.

  Birachi, Eliud, CIAT, POB 1269, Kigali, Rwanda.'
author: Bigler, Christine and Amacker, Michele and Ingabire, Chantal and Birachi,
  Eliud
author-email: 'christine.bigler@izfg.unibe.ch

  michele.amacker@izfg.unibe.ch

  c.ingabire001@gmail.com

  e.birachi@cgiar.org'
author_list:
- family: Bigler
  given: Christine
- family: Amacker
  given: Michele
- family: Ingabire
  given: Chantal
- family: Birachi
  given: Eliud
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1016/j.wsif.2017.08.004
eissn: 1879-243X
files: []
issn: 0277-5395
journal: WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM
keywords: 'Rural labour market; Gender inequality; Feminization debate;

  Mixed-methods design'
keywords-plus: 'GREEN-REVOLUTION; POVERTY; LAND; INTENSIFICATION; AFRICA;

  REPRESENTATION; COOPERATIVES; FEMINIZATION; INNOVATION; PATTERNS'
language: English
month: SEP-OCT
number-of-cited-references: '93'
orcid-numbers: Amacker, Michele/0009-0003-9232-9048
pages: 17-27
papis_id: d18ff7812db5c3d01abefbf1a90e216c
ref: Bigler2017rwandasgendered
times-cited: '10'
title: 'Rwanda''s gendered agricultural transformation: A mixed-method study on the
  rural labour market, wage gap and care penalty'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000414111100003
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '19'
volume: '64'
web-of-science-categories: Women's Studies
year: '2017'