author: Kuriyama, A., & Abe, N. year: 2021 title: "Decarbonisation of the power sector to engender a 'Just transition’ in Japan: Quantifying local employment impacts" publisher: Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews uri: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110610 pubtype: article discipline: development country: Japan period: 2016 maxlength: targeting: group: rural workers data: Historical Data of Power Supply and Demand Record Data design: multi-step projection modelling method: use Gini coefficient sample: 10 unit: region representativeness: national causal: 0 # 0 correlation / 1 causal theory: limitations: has to assume amount of generated power as stable square function increase 2016-2050; employment numbers based on initial estimated model data only observation: - intervention: infrastructure institutional: 0 structural: 1 agency: 0 inequality: spatial type: 1 # 0 vertical / 1 horizontal indicator: 0 # 0 absolute / 1 relative measures: employment probability findings: power sector decarbonisation positively impacts rural workers through increased employment probability channels: attachment of larger-scale renewable energy to rural sectors increases employment scarcity direction: 1 # -1 neg / 0 none / 1 pos significance: # 0 nsg / 1 msg / 2 sg notes: highest impact in construction and manufacturing sector, long-term large impact in power sector, stable impacts throughout in service sectors and others annotation: | A study looking at the effects of Japan's move to decarbonise its energy sector on employment, especially rural employment. It finds that, while employment in general is positively affected, especially rural sectors benefit from additional employment probability. This is due to the renewable energy sector, while able to utilise urban areas for smaller scale power generation, being largely attached to rural areas for larger scale projects such as geothermal, wind power or large-scale solar generation. The study also suggests some possible inequality being created in between the different regions of Japan due to the Hokkaido region having limited transmission line capacity and locational imbalance between demand and potential supplies. Limitations include its design as a projection model with multiple having to make strong assumptions about initial employment numbers and their extrapolation into the future, as well as having to assume the amount of generated power to increase as a stable square function.