abstract: 'Turkey has experienced an expansion in its higher education sector over

  the last 15 years, fuelled by the cancellation of tuition fees, the

  establishment of at least one public university in each city, an

  increase in the number of foundation universities, and the abolition of

  the headscarf ban. Within this period, women have overtaken men in terms

  of higher education attainment. In this paper, we study whether this

  development has gone alongside improved gender equality in the labour

  force. We analyse household labour force survey data for the years 2005,

  2008, 2011 and 2017 to track the changes in core SDG5-indicators for

  gender equality: labour force participation, gender segregation in

  employment, and the gender pay gap. Overall, we find that women with

  higher education still enter the labour force at a significantly higher

  rate than women without higher education. While both the occupational

  gender segregation and the gender wage gap persist among graduates,

  these gaps remain relatively small when compared to other countries. Our

  analysis shows that higher education has contributed significantly to

  the development of a somewhat more equal labour market outcomes for the

  most recent cohort, despite the nuanced and entrenched gender

  inequalities that are difficult to change.'
affiliation: 'Weiss, F (Corresponding Author), Aarhus Univ, Danish Sch Educ, Jens
  Chr Skous Vej 4, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.

  Cin, F. Melis, Univ Lancaster, Dept Educ Res, Lancaster, England.

  Gumus, Sedat; Weiss, Felix, Aarhus Univ, Danish Sch Educ, Jens Chr Skous Vej 4,
  DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.'
author: Cin, F. Melis and Gumus, Sedat and Weiss, Felix
author-email: 'm.cin@lancaster.ac.uk

  sgumus@edu.au.dk

  fewe@edu.au.dk'
author_list:
- family: Cin
  given: F. Melis
- family: Gumus
  given: Sedat
- family: Weiss
  given: Felix
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1007/s10734-020-00587-2
earlyaccessdate: JUL 2020
eissn: 1573-174X
files: []
issn: 0018-1560
journal: HIGHER EDUCATION
keywords: 'Gender inequality in the labour market; Gender pay gap; Turkey; Higher

  education expansion; Occupational gender segregation'
keywords-plus: 'SEX SEGREGATION; FORCE PARTICIPATION; WAGE GAPS; CHALLENGES; CEILINGS;

  FLOORS; FIELD'
language: English
month: JAN
number: 1, SI
number-of-cited-references: '55'
orcid-numbers: 'Weiss, Felix/0000-0002-1685-3732

  Gümüş, Sedat/0000-0003-0453-3341

  Cin, Melis/0000-0001-6015-0447

  '
pages: 31-50
papis_id: 7cf583676633a40a4cb62d9a97a9302c
ref: Cin2021womensempowerment
researcherid-numbers: 'Weiss, Felix/ACH-8085-2022

  Gümüş, Sedat/W-1705-2017

  Cin, Melis/AAM-2948-2020

  Weiss, Felix/B-6422-2011'
times-cited: '6'
title: 'Women''s empowerment in the period of the rapid expansion of higher education
  in Turkey: developments and paradoxes of gender equality in the labour market'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000548767800001
usage-count-last-180-days: '4'
usage-count-since-2013: '34'
volume: '81'
web-of-science-categories: Education \& Educational Research
year: '2021'