abstract: 'Aims: Previous studies have suggested that migrants have higher

  exposures to psychosocial job stressors than native-born workers. We

  explored migrant status-related differences in skill discretion/job

  complexity and decision authority, and whether the differences varied by

  gender, age, and educational attainment.

  Methods: Data were from Wave 14 of the Household Income and Labour

  Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey. A total number of 9031 persons

  were included in the analysis. Outcomes included skill discretion/job

  complexity and decision authority. Exposure included migrant status

  defined by (i) country of birth (COB), (ii) the combination of COB and

  English/Non-English dominant language of COB, and (iii) the combination

  of COB and years since arrival in Australia. Data were analysed using

  linear regression, adjusting for gender, age, and educational

  attainment. These covariates were also analysed as effect modifiers of

  the relationship between migrant status and job stressor exposure.

  Results: In the unadjusted analysis, only migrant workers from

  Non-English-speaking countries (Non-ESC- born) had significantly lower

  skill discretion and job complexity than Australia-born workers (-0.29,

  95\% CI: -0.56; -0.01); however, results from fully adjusted models

  showed that all migrant groups, except migrant workers from

  Main-English-speaking countries, had significantly lower skill

  discretion and job complexity than Australia-born workers (overseas-born

  workers, -0.59, 95\% CI: -0.79; -0.38; Non-ESC-born, -1.01, 95\% CI:

  -1.27; -0.75; migrant workers who had arrived <= 5 years ago, -1.33,

  95\% CI: -1.94; -0.72; arrived 6-10 years ago, -0.92, 95\% CI: -1.46;

  -0.39; and arrived >= 11 years ago,-0.45, 95\% CI: -0.67; -0.22). On the

  contrary, the unadjusted model showed that migrant workers had higher

  decision authority than Australia-born workers, whereas in the fully

  adjusted model, no difference in decision authority was found between

  migrant workers and Australia-born workers. Effect modification results

  showed that as educational attainment increased, differences in skill

  discretion and job complexity between Australia-born workers and

  Non-ESC-born migrants progressively increased; whereas Non-ESC-born

  migrants with postgraduate degree showed significantly lower decision

  authority than Australia-born workers.

  Conclusions: This study suggests that skill discretion and job

  complexity but not decision authority is associated with migrant status.

  Migrants with high educational attainment from Non-English-speaking

  countries appear to be most affected by lower skill discretion/job

  complexity and decision authority; however, differences in skill

  discretion and job complexity attenuate over time for Non-ESC-born

  migrants, consistent with an acculturation effect. Low skill discretion

  and job complexity, to the extent that it overlaps with underemployment,

  may adversely affect migrant workers'' well-being. Targeted language

  skill support could facilitate migrant integration into the Australian

  labour market.'
affiliation: 'LaMontagne, AD (Corresponding Author), Deakin Univ, Ctr Populat Hlth
  Res, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia.

  Liu, Xiaomin; Too, Lay San; LaMontagne, Anthony D., Deakin Univ, Ctr Populat Hlth
  Res, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia.

  Liu, Xiaomin, Kunming Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Psychiat Unit, Kunming 650032,
  Yunnan, Peoples R China.

  Bowe, Steven J., Deakin Univ, Fac Hlth, Deakin Biostat Unit, Geelong, Vic 3220,
  Australia.

  Milner, Allison, Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Populat \& Global Hlth, Ctr Hlth
  Equ, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.

  Li, Lin, Canc Council Victoria, Nigel Gray Fellowship Grp, Melbourne, Vic 3004,
  Australia.'
author: Liu, Xiaomin and Bowe, Steven J. and Milner, Allison and Li, Lin and Too,
  Lay San and LaMontagne, Anthony D.
author-email: tony.lamontagne@deakin.edu.au
author_list:
- family: Liu
  given: Xiaomin
- family: Bowe
  given: Steven J.
- family: Milner
  given: Allison
- family: Li
  given: Lin
- family: Too
  given: Lay San
- family: LaMontagne
  given: Anthony D.
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxz073
eissn: 2398-7316
files: []
issn: 2398-7308
journal: ANNALS OF WORK EXPOSURES AND HEALTH
keywords: 'immigrant; job stressor; native workers; occupational exposure;

  overseas-born'
keywords-plus: 'PSYCHOSOCIAL WORKING-CONDITIONS; PERCEIVED OVERQUALIFICATION; HEALTH

  INEQUALITIES; OVER-QUALIFICATION; IMMIGRANT WORKERS; FOREIGN-BORN;

  EMPLOYMENT; LABOR; STRAIN; SATISFACTION'
language: English
month: NOV
number: '9'
number-of-cited-references: '73'
orcid-numbers: 'LaMontagne, Anthony Daniel/0000-0002-5811-5906

  Milner, Allison/0000-0003-4657-0503

  Li, Lin/0000-0002-4764-1679'
pages: 975-989
papis_id: dbc1b0754712586acd8909f182213a8e
ref: Liu2019differentialexposure
researcherid-numbers: 'LaMontagne, Anthony Daniel/AAX-3285-2021

  '
times-cited: '2'
title: 'Differential Exposure to Job Stressors: A Comparative Analysis Between Migrant
  and Australia-Born Workers'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000504933200002
usage-count-last-180-days: '2'
usage-count-since-2013: '7'
volume: '63'
web-of-science-categories: Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health
year: '2019'