abstract: 'Rising economic segregation suggests a need to examine constraints to

  job access by race/ethnicity and economic inequality simultaneously.

  This often requires detailed socio-spatial interaction data to make

  progress on theoretical and modeling development, empirical studies and

  policy insights. Commuting data are commonly used because of its wide

  availability. Despite excellent work trip datasets from the U.S. Census

  such as the Census Transportation Planning Package and the Longitudinal

  Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) data, there are often gaps between

  the data that are available and ideal detailed commuting data suited to

  models and data analysis. This is because commuting data are available

  for a limited set of socio-economic dimensions and this coarseness

  limits researchers in their ability to uncover nuances of place-based

  generalizations about commuting, either socially or spatially. In one

  promising approach, an information minimizing technique was proposed as

  a workable practical method to synthesize disaggregated work trip flows.

  Because the strength of fit between predicted and observed trips is

  unknown, this paper validates this method using real commutes

  disaggregated by income and then synthesizes race-income work trips

  using LEHD data for the Wichita, Kansas metropolitan statistical area.

  We find that low-income Whites travel longer distances and have more

  dispersed travel patterns than all African-American and Asian income

  groups and that both low- and middle-income groups of all race groups

  have spatially constrained flows. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights

  reserved.'
affiliation: 'Niedzielski, MA (Corresponding Author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Geog \&
  Geog Informat Sci, 221 Centennial Dr Stop 9020, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA.

  Niedzielski, Michael A., Univ N Dakota, Dept Geog \& Geog Informat Sci, Grand Forks,
  ND 58202 USA.

  O''Kelly, Morton E., Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.

  Boschmann, E. Eric, Univ Denver, Dept Geog \& Environm, Denver, CO 80208 USA.'
author: Niedzielski, Michael A. and O'Kelly, Morton E. and Boschmann, E. Eric
author-email: 'michael.niedzielski@und.edu

  okelly.1@osu.edu

  eric.boschmann@du.edu'
author_list:
- family: Niedzielski
  given: Michael A.
- family: O'Kelly
  given: Morton E.
- family: Boschmann
  given: E. Eric
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2015.09.004
eissn: 1873-7587
files: []
issn: 0198-9715
journal: COMPUTERS ENVIRONMENT AND URBAN SYSTEMS
keywords: 'Commuting; Spatial interaction; Accessibility; Disaggregated; Race;

  Income'
keywords-plus: 'JOB ACCESS; COMMUTING PATTERNS; INTERACTION-MODELS; ACCESSIBILITY;
  WORK;

  TIME; EMPLOYMENT; JOURNEY; TRAVEL; SEGREGATION'
language: English
month: NOV
number-of-cited-references: '44'
orcid-numbers: 'O''Kelly, Morton/0000-0002-8967-9771

  Niedzielski, Michal/0000-0001-6639-1057

  Boschmann, Eric/0000-0003-1419-4339'
pages: 204-218
papis_id: 6d3b9e23ccd8649d2dc56e5c38688c9e
ref: Niedzielski2015synthesizingspatial
times-cited: '24'
title: 'Synthesizing spatial interaction data for social science research: Validation
  and an investigation of spatial mismatch in Wichita, Kansas'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000368306700018
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '25'
volume: '54'
web-of-science-categories: 'Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,

  Environmental; Environmental Studies; Geography; Operations Research \&

  Management Science; Regional \& Urban Planning'
year: '2015'