abstract: 'In spite of a prevailing policy focus, little is known about the

  employment outcomes of former foster youth during early adulthood and

  the factors associated with those outcomes. We explore how former foster

  youth who aged out of care in Illinois, Wisconsin, and Iowa are faring

  in the labor market at age 24 and what explains variability in

  employment and wages for these youth. We utilize multilevel models to

  analyze youth''s employment using four waves of the Midwest Study. Our

  findings point to a critical need to better understand and address

  barriers to education, causes of substantial racial disparities, and

  characteristics of family foster homes that facilitate youths''

  employment. We find that youth who remain in care past age 18 attain

  higher educational credentials which translate into better employment

  outcomes. This research also highlights the need for policies directed

  at current and former foster youth who become early parents. (C) 2011

  Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.'
affiliation: 'Hook, JL (Corresponding Author), Univ Washington, Sch Social Work, Box
  359476, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.

  Hook, Jennifer L., Univ Washington, Sch Social Work, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.

  Courtney, Mark E., Univ Chicago, Sch Social Serv Adm, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.'
author: Hook, Jennifer L. and Courtney, Mark E.
author-email: 'jenhook@uw.edu

  markc@uchicago.edu'
author_list:
- family: Hook
  given: Jennifer L.
- family: Courtney
  given: Mark E.
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.05.004
eissn: 1873-7765
files: []
issn: 0190-7409
journal: CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW
keywords: Foster youth; Employment; Child welfare policy
keywords-plus: HIGH-SCHOOL DROPOUTS; LABOR-MARKET; TRANSITION
language: English
month: OCT
number: '10'
number-of-cited-references: '40'
orcid-numbers: Hook, Jennifer/0000-0003-1125-9037
pages: 1855-1865
papis_id: 31221f4128998c018a21122e072b8603
ref: Hook2011employmentoutcomes
researcherid-numbers: 'Hook, Jennifer/E-1533-2013

  Hook, Jennifer/CMK-1100-2022'
times-cited: '123'
title: 'Employment outcomes of former foster youth as young adults: The importance
  of human, personal, and social capital'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000295435600012
usage-count-last-180-days: '1'
usage-count-since-2013: '35'
volume: '33'
web-of-science-categories: Family Studies; Social Work
year: '2011'