abstract: 'In this article, we use a new economic geography (NEG) model to estimate

  the extent to which the persistence in apartheid regional wage

  disparities in South Africa is an outcome of economic forces such as

  market access. We estimate a structural wage equation derived directly

  from the NEG theory for 354 regions over the period 1996 to 2011. We

  find support for an augmented NEG model in explaining regional wage

  disparities across regions in South Africa, although the market access

  effects are highly localised in view of high distance coefficients. We

  also find, even after controlling for NEG and other region-specific

  characteristics, a persistent wage deficit in the former homelands,

  where under apartheid black South Africans were forcefully relocated

  according to their ethnic groups. Average wages of workers in homelands

  remained approximately 17\% lower than predicted between 1996 and 2011,

  despite the reintegration of these regions into South Africa and the

  implementation of regional policies after the end of apartheid.'
affiliation: 'Mudiriza, G (Corresponding Author), Univ Cape Town, Sch Econ, ZA-7701
  Cape Town, South Africa.

  Mudiriza, Gibson; Edwards, Lawrence, Univ Cape Town, Sch Econ, ZA-7701 Cape Town,
  South Africa.'
author: Mudiriza, Gibson and Edwards, Lawrence
author-email: gmudiriza@gmail.com
author_list:
- family: Mudiriza
  given: Gibson
- family: Edwards
  given: Lawrence
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1093/jeg/lbaa036
earlyaccessdate: JAN 2021
eissn: 1468-2710
files: []
issn: 1468-2702
journal: JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
keywords: 'Economic geography; labour market; wage differentials; regional economic

  activity'
keywords-plus: 'ECONOMIC-GEOGRAPHY; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; INCREASING RETURNS; MARKET

  ACCESS; UNEMPLOYMENT; INEQUALITY; EMPLOYMENT; GROWTH; AGRICULTURE;

  PERFORMANCE'
language: English
month: DEC
number: '6'
number-of-cited-references: '71'
orcid-numbers: 'Edwards, Lawrence/0000-0002-2039-8920

  Mudiriza, Gibson/0000-0003-2319-9860'
pages: 807-839
papis_id: bc1952f6fc76e12167fbebb3008e52b4
ref: Mudiriza2021persistenceapartheid
researcherid-numbers: 'Mudiriza, Gibson/HSG-9956-2023

  '
times-cited: '2'
title: The persistence of apartheid regional wage disparities in South Africa
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000744571700001
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '3'
volume: '21'
web-of-science-categories: Economics; Geography
year: '2021'