abstract: 'Drawing upon data from the Deployment Life Study, this article examines

  whether female military spouses (SPs) are disadvantaged relative to

  matched civilian peers in terms of hours worked and earnings, paying

  particular attention to gaps among the highest educated women. Female

  SPs do earn less than comparable civilian peers in terms of raw dollars

  and percentage earnings. Moreover, military wives who are part of the

  labor force work as many hours as their civilian counterparts, but still

  earn significantly less for that work. Contrary to predictions, the most

  educated SPs are not disproportionately affected compared to spouses

  with less education. These results suggest that SPs at all education

  levels could benefit from employment assistance; in particular, women

  already participating in the labor force may benefit from support in

  finding higher paying jobs.'
affiliation: 'Meadows, SO (Corresponding Author), RAND Corp, 1776 Main St,POB 2138,
  Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA.

  Meadows, Sarah O.; Pollak, Julia, RAND Corp, 1776 Main St,POB 2138, Santa Monica,
  CA 90407 USA.

  Griffin, Beth Ann, RAND Corp, RAND Ctr Causal Inference, Santa Monica, CA 90407
  USA.

  Karney, Benjamin R., Univ Calif Los Angeles, Social Psychol, Los Angeles, CA USA.'
author: Meadows, Sarah O. and Griffin, Beth Ann and Karney, Benjamin R. and Pollak,
  Julia
author-email: smeadows@rand.org
author_list:
- family: Meadows
  given: Sarah O.
- family: Griffin
  given: Beth Ann
- family: Karney
  given: Benjamin R.
- family: Pollak
  given: Julia
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1177/0095327X15607810
eissn: 1556-0848
files: []
issn: 0095-327X
journal: ARMED FORCES \& SOCIETY
keywords: military families; wives' employment; income; labor force participation
keywords-plus: MIGRATION; FAMILY
language: English
month: JUL
number: '3'
number-of-cited-references: '26'
orcid-numbers: Karney, Benjamin/0000-0002-9063-6162
pages: 542-561
papis_id: e500015776254ab61bcafc10c615db61
ref: Meadows2016employmentgaps
researcherid-numbers: Karney, Benjamin/AAG-1632-2019
times-cited: '10'
title: Employment Gaps Between Military Spouses and Matched Civilians
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000378425300004
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '10'
volume: '42'
web-of-science-categories: Political Science; Sociology
year: '2016'