abstract: 'Background: The availability of family caregivers of older people is

  decreasing in Italy as the number of migrant care workers (MCWs) hired

  by families increases. There is little evidence on the influence of

  socioeconomic factors in the employment of MCWs.

  Method: We analyzed baseline data from 438 older people with moderate

  Alzheimer''s disease (AD), and their family caregivers enrolled in the

  Up-Tech trial. We used bivariate analysis and multilevel regressions to

  investigate the association between independent variables-education,

  social class, and the availability of a care allowance-and three

  outcomes-employment of a MCW, hours of care provided by the primary

  family caregiver, and by the family network (primary and other family

  caregivers).

  Results: The availability of a care allowance and the educational level

  were independently associated with employing MCWs. A significant

  interaction between education and care allowance was found, suggesting

  that more educated families are more likely to spend the care allowance

  to hire a MCW.

  Discussion: Socioeconomic inequalities negatively influenced access both

  to private care and to care allowance, leading disadvantaged families to

  directly provide more assistance to AD patients. Care allowance

  entitlement needs to be reformed in Italy and in countries with similar

  long-term care and migration systems.'
affiliation: 'Rimland, JM (Corresponding Author), Italian Natl Inst Hlth \& Sci Ageing
  INRCA, Via S Margherita 5, I-60124 Ancona, Italy.

  Barbabella, Francesco; Melchiorre, Maria Gabriella; Lamura, Giovanni, Italian Natl
  Inst Hlth \& Sci Ageing INRCA, Ctr Socioecon Res Ageing, Ancona, Italy.

  Chiatti, Carlos; Rimland, Joseph M.; Lattanzio, Fabrizia, Italian Natl Inst Hlth
  \& Sci Ageing INRCA, Sci Direct, Ancona, Italy.

  Melchiorre, Maria Gabriella, Italian Natl Inst Hlth \& Sci Ageing INRCA, Dept Gerontol
  Res, Ancona, Italy.'
author: Barbabella, Francesco and Chiatti, Carlos and Rimland, Joseph M. and Melchiorre,
  Maria Gabriella and Lamura, Giovanni and Lattanzio, Fabrizia and Grp, Up-Tech Res
author-email: j.rimland@inrca.it
author_list:
- family: Barbabella
  given: Francesco
- family: Chiatti
  given: Carlos
- family: Rimland
  given: Joseph M.
- family: Melchiorre
  given: Maria Gabriella
- family: Lamura
  given: Giovanni
- family: Lattanzio
  given: Fabrizia
- family: Grp
  given: Up-Tech Res
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbv045
eissn: 1758-5368
files: []
issn: 1079-5014
journal: 'JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL

  SCIENCES'
keywords: 'Alzheimer''s disease; Care allowance; Family caregiver; Migrant care

  worker; Socioeconomic factors; Up-Tech'
keywords-plus: 'LONG-TERM-CARE; HOME-CARE; EUROPEAN COUNTRIES; ELDERLY-PEOPLE;

  WELFARE-STATE; SOCIAL-CLASS; HEALTH; LABOR; DISPARITIES; POLICIES'
language: English
month: MAY
number: '3'
number-of-cited-references: '48'
orcid-numbers: 'Giuli, Cinzia/0000-0001-8826-2467

  Lattanzio, Fabrizia/0000-0003-4051-1289

  Melchiorre, Maria Gabriella/0000-0002-4428-3749

  Rimland, Joseph M/0000-0002-3397-6291

  Chiatti, Carlos/0000-0003-4810-9630

  Barbabella, Francesco/0000-0002-1497-0011

  BUSTACCHINI, SILVIA/0000-0002-8166-3265

  Principi, Andrea/0000-0003-3701-0539

  Di Rosa, Mirko/0000-0002-1862-4159

  Cavallo, Filippo/0000-0001-7432-5033

  Postacchini, Demetrio/0000-0001-5239-2702

  Rossi, Lorena/0000-0002-5688-105X

  Spazzafumo, Liana/0000-0002-9718-1658

  Bonfigli, Anna Rita/0000-0002-9619-0181

  Manzoli, Lamberto/0000-0002-8129-9344'
pages: 514-525
papis_id: 732788857dd12a3192388f84fbd004e0
ref: Barbabella2016socioeconomicpredict
researcherid-numbers: 'Giuli, Cinzia/K-1172-2016

  Lattanzio, Fabrizia/D-2896-2018

  Melchiorre, Maria Gabriella/K-4625-2016

  Rimland, Joseph M/J-5992-2016

  Chiatti, Carlos/J-4115-2012

  Barbabella, Francesco/O-4245-2015

  BUSTACCHINI, SILVIA/I-3122-2012

  Principi, Andrea/B-4690-2013

  Di Rosa, Mirko/J-5974-2016

  Cavallo, Filippo/J-8246-2015

  Bonfigli, Anna Rita/J-7248-2016

  Manzoli, Lamberto/K-1895-2018'
times-cited: '14'
title: 'Socioeconomic Predictors of the Employment of Migrant Care Workers by Italian
  Families Assisting Older Alzheimer''s Disease Patients: Evidence From the Up-Tech
  Study'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000379814400016
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '16'
volume: '71'
web-of-science-categories: 'Geriatrics \& Gerontology; Gerontology; Psychology; Psychology,

  Multidisciplinary'
year: '2016'