abstract: 'Previous studies on health and socio-economic determinants of later-life

  labour force participation have mainly come from high-income European

  countries and the United States of America (USA). Findings vary between

  studies due to different measures of socio-economic status and labour

  force outcomes. This study investigated longitudinal associations of

  physical incapacity and wealth with remaining in paid employment after

  age 60 in middle- and high-income countries. Using harmonised cohort

  data in the USA, England, Japan, Mexico and China (N = 32,132),

  multilevel logistic regression was applied for main associations. The

  age-related probabilities of remaining in paid employment by physical

  incapacity and wealth were estimated using marginal effects. This study

  found that physical incapacity predicted lower odds of remaining in paid

  employment in each country. Wealth was associated with higher odds of

  remaining in paid employment in the USA, England and Japan, but not in

  Mexico. Probabilities of remaining in paid employment were high in

  Mexico but low in China. The absolute difference in the probability of

  remaining in paid employment between the richest and the poorest groups

  was greater in the USA than that in any other country. In the USA,

  England and Japan, the inverse association between physical incapacity

  and remaining in paid employment could be partially compensated by

  wealth only when physical incapacity was not severe. National policies,

  including considering older adults'' changing capacities for job

  placement and prioritising the provision of supportive services for

  socio-economically disadvantaged older adults, developing pathways for

  informal workers to access social security and pension coverage, and

  encouraging employers to hire socio-economically disadvantaged older

  workers and enhancing their employability, could be facilitated. Future

  studies, such as exploring health and socio-economic determinants of

  remaining in part-time and full-time paid employment separately in more

  countries, and the moderating effects of relevant policies on these

  associations, are needed.'
affiliation: 'Lu, WT (Corresponding Author), UCL, Res Dept Epidemiol \& Publ Hlth,
  London, England.

  Lu, Wentian; Stefler, Denes; Marmot, Michael; Bobak, Martin, UCL, Res Dept Epidemiol
  \& Publ Hlth, London, England.

  Sanchez-Niubo, Albert; Haro, Josep Maria, Parc Sanitari St Joan de Deu, Res Innovat
  \& Teaching Unit, St Boi De Llobregat, Spain.

  Sanchez-Niubo, Albert; Haro, Josep Maria, CIBERSAM, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Salud
  Mental, Madrid, Spain.

  Sanchez-Niubo, Albert, Univ Barcelona, Dept Social Psychol \& Quantitat Psychol,
  Barcelona, Spain.

  Haro, Josep Maria, Univ Barcelona, Dept Med, Barcelona, Spain.'
article-number: PII S0144686X22000265
author: Lu, Wentian and Stefler, Denes and Sanchez-Niubo, Albert and Haro, Josep Maria
  and Marmot, Michael and Bobak, Martin
author-email: wentian.lu.4@ucl.ac.uk
author_list:
- family: Lu
  given: Wentian
- family: Stefler
  given: Denes
- family: Sanchez-Niubo
  given: Albert
- family: Haro
  given: Josep Maria
- family: Marmot
  given: Michael
- family: Bobak
  given: Martin
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1017/S0144686X22000265
earlyaccessdate: MAR 2022
eissn: 1469-1779
files: []
issn: 0144-686X
journal: AGEING \& SOCIETY
keywords: 'socio-economic status; labour force participation; physical capacity;

  United States of America (USA); United Kingdom (UK); China; Japan;

  Mexico'
keywords-plus: 'LABOR-FORCE PARTICIPATION; CROSS-NATIONAL ANALYSIS; COHORT PROFILE;

  FOLLOW-UP; HEALTH; RETIREMENT; WORK; EXIT; DETERMINANTS; PATHWAYS'
language: English
month: 2022 MAR 11
number-of-cited-references: '66'
orcid-numbers: 'Sanchez-Niubo, Albert/0000-0003-0309-181X

  Haro, Josep Maria/0000-0002-3984-277X

  Marmot, M G/0000-0002-2431-6419

  Bobak, Martin/0000-0002-2633-6851

  Lu, Wentian/0000-0002-1252-2661

  Stefler, Denes/0000-0002-4482-148X'
papis_id: 47466c973f0bd7a45f1f972ffc91f55d
ref: Lu2022associationsphysical
researcherid-numbers: 'Sanchez-Niubo, Albert/B-7517-2014

  Haro, Josep Maria/D-1423-2011

  Marmot, M G/Y-3920-2019

  Bobak, Martin/K-2489-2013

  '
times-cited: '0'
title: The associations of physical incapacity and wealth with remaining in paid employment
  after age 60 in five middle-income and high-income countries
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000767268800001
usage-count-last-180-days: '2'
usage-count-since-2013: '18'
web-of-science-categories: Gerontology
year: '2022'