abstract: 'Purpose-This study aimed to (1) systematically identify evaluation

  studies of U.S. active labor market programs (ALMPs) focusing on

  postsecondary education and job skills training for low-income

  individuals with employment barriers (hereinafter, Human Capital

  Development {[}HCD] programs) since the U.S. federal welfare reform of

  1996, and (2) provide a synthesis of common strategies used by programs

  that reported post-program earnings higher than poverty thresholds.

  Design/methodology/approach-Using Population, Intervention, Comparison,

  and Outcomes (PICO) criteria endorsed by the Cochrane Collaboration, we

  identified evaluation studies of HCD programs from seven electronic

  databases and experts'' suggestions. Using data (e.g., post-program

  earnings, main types of services) extracted from the included studies,

  we describe common strategies used by the programs reporting earnings

  above the poverty level.

  Findings-Of 877 studies identified from an initial search, 10 studies

  met our inclusion/exclusion criteria and thus were included in the final

  sample. Findings showed that HCD programs reporting earnings above the

  poverty level for a family of three were characterized by (1)

  curriculums targeting specific job sectors and occupations, (2) local

  employers'' involvement in developing curriulums and providing work

  opportunities and (3) post-program job retention and career advancement

  services.

  Originality/value-The present study used a systematic review approach to

  fill gaps in research regarding HCD-focused ALMPs in the U.S.

  post-welfare reform era by identifying common strategies the effective

  programs used to help participants obtain employment and exit poverty.

  Findings may inform the design and implementation of employment programs

  that will help low-income individuals with employment barriers acquire

  marketable knowledge and job skills, and thus increase their economic

  self-sufficiency via improved employment outcomes.'
affiliation: 'Oh, S (Corresponding Author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Social Work, Columbus,
  OH 43210 USA.

  Oh, Sehun, Ohio State Univ, Coll Social Work, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.

  DiNitto, Diana M., Univ Texas Austin, Steve Hicks Sch Social Work, Austin, TX 78712
  USA.

  Kim, Yeonwoo, Univ Texas Arlington, Coll Nursing \& Hlth Innovat, Arlington, TX
  76019 USA.'
author: Oh, Sehun and DiNitto, Diana M. and Kim, Yeonwoo
author-email: oh.570@osu.edu
author_list:
- family: Oh
  given: Sehun
- family: DiNitto
  given: Diana M.
- family: Kim
  given: Yeonwoo
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1108/IJSSP-09-2020-0429
earlyaccessdate: JAN 2021
eissn: 1758-6720
files: []
issn: 0144-333X
journal: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL POLICY
keywords: 'Poverty; welfare reform; Active labor market program; Wages; Human

  capital development; Postsecondary education; Job skills training;

  Systematic review; United States'
language: English
month: NOV 2
number: 11-12
number-of-cited-references: '68'
orcid-numbers: Oh, Sehun/0000-0002-8889-2298
pages: 1210-1226
papis_id: 8bcdc5cadf24900a5127e9031b17c1c5
ref: Oh2021exitingpoverty
tags:
- relevant
- review
times-cited: '0'
title: 'Exiting poverty: a systematic review of US postsecondary education and job
  skills training programs in the post-welfare reform era'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000607876400001
usage-count-last-180-days: '2'
usage-count-since-2013: '10'
volume: '41'
web-of-science-categories: Sociology
year: '2021'