abstract: 'In this article, we investigate the redistributive outcomes of the

  Finnish pension system. We hypothesize that a pension system does not

  straightforwardly diminish, maintain, or increase income differences

  after retirement, but it can have different outcomes for different

  groups. Our focus is on differences in changes in income between groups

  that vary in their timing and type of retirement. We make use of

  longitudinal register-based data from the Finnish Centre for Pensions

  and analyze income and retirement trajectories of Finnish employees born

  in 1948 from the age of 57 to 66 (N = 44,449). Our aim is to find out in

  what way trajectories of income from earnings and pensions are related

  to different types of retirement trajectories, while controlling for

  gender, sector of employment, and length of working life. Eight distinct

  retirement trajectories are identified using sequence analysis. The

  results of our multilevel regression models indicate that the pension

  system sustains inequalities related to gender and employment sector.

  Early old-age retirement and part-time retirement are associated with

  higher earnings and more generous pension entitlements, indicating

  cumulative advantage. Lower earnings are associated with higher risk of

  early exit through unemployment and disability pensions, while the

  pension system guarantees a minimum income level in retirement,

  resulting in status leveling. Those who retire later are relatively well

  off in work, but worse off in retirement, suggesting a status-leveling

  outcome. By disentangling these outcomes of the pension system, it is

  possible to learn social policy lessons for other national institutional

  contexts as well.'
affiliation: 'Riekhoff, AJ (Corresponding Author), Univ Tampere, Fac Social Sci, Kalevantie
  5, Tampere 33014, Finland.

  Riekhoff, Aart-Jan, Univ Tampere, Social Policy, Tampere, Finland.

  Jarnefelt, Noora, Finnish Ctr Pens, Res Dept, Helsinki, Finland.'
author: Riekhoff, Aart-Jan and Jarnefelt, Noora
author-email: arie.riekhoff@staff.uta.fi
author_list:
- family: Riekhoff
  given: Aart-Jan
- family: Jarnefelt
  given: Noora
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1093/sf/soy028
eissn: 1534-7605
files: []
issn: 0037-7732
journal: SOCIAL FORCES
keywords-plus: 'CUMULATIVE ADVANTAGE; STATUS MAINTENANCE; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; LIFE;

  INEQUALITY; STRATIFICATION; DETERMINANTS; ATTAINMENT'
language: English
month: SEP
number: '1'
number-of-cited-references: '47'
orcid-numbers: Riekhoff, Aart-Jan/0000-0002-0832-0565
pages: 27-53
papis_id: b4d9aa935175b04c334273df124c46a1
ref: Riekhoff2018retirementtrajectori
times-cited: '7'
title: Retirement Trajectories and Income Redistribution Through the Pension System
  in Finland
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000443579600016
usage-count-last-180-days: '1'
usage-count-since-2013: '22'
volume: '97'
web-of-science-categories: Sociology
year: '2018'