abstract: 'Objective: To compare self-reported barriers and facilitators to

  employment among employed and unemployed participants with multiple

  sclerosis (MS) and spinal cord injury (SCI). Design: Cross-sectional

  study using self-report assessment obtained by mail or online. Setting:

  Medical university in the southeastern United States. Participants:

  Participants (N=2624) identified from either a specialty hospital or a

  state-based surveillance system in the southeastern United States,

  including 1234 with MS and 1390 with SCI. All participants were aged <65

  years at the time of assessment. Interventions: Not applicable. Main

  Outcome Measures: Self-reported barriers and facilitators to employment.

  Results: Overall, the MS participants reported more barriers,

  particularly stress, cognition, and fatigue, whereas those with SCI were

  more likely to report not having the proper education and training,

  resources, transportation, and attendant care. Follow-up analyses broken

  down by employment status indicated that several barriers and

  facilitators were significantly related to diagnosis for either employed

  or unemployed participants, but not both. Among those employed,

  participants with SCI were more likely to report they could not do the

  same types of jobs as they could pre SCI and those with MS were more

  likely to state that they did not know much about jobs for people with

  disabilities (no differences were noted for these variables among

  unemployed participants). Unemployed individuals with SCI were more

  likely to report that the jobs for which they were trained were not

  accessible. Conclusions: The primary barriers for individuals with MS

  revolve around the condition itself, whereas the barriers for SCI appear

  to be more related to modifiable factors. Vocational rehabilitation

  specialists need to identify diagnostic-specific barriers to promote

  employment outcomes. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

  2021;102:1556-61 (c) 2021 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation

  Medicine'
affiliation: 'Krause, SJ (Corresponding Author), Med Univ South Carolina, Coll Hlth
  Profess, Charleston, SC 29425 USA.

  Krause, S. James; Li, Chao; Jarnecke, Melinda; Reed, Karla; Rembert, Jameka; Dismuke-Greer,
  E. Clara, Med Univ South Carolina, Coll Hlth Profess, Charleston, SC 29425 USA.

  Backus, Deborah, Shepherd Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA.

  Rumrill, Phillip, Univ Kentucky, Inst Human Dev, Lexington, KY USA.'
author: Krause, S. James and Li, Chao and Backus, Deborah and Jarnecke, Melinda and
  Reed, Karla and Rembert, Jameka and Rumrill, Phillip and Dismuke-Greer, E. Clara
author-email: krause@musc.edu
author_list:
- family: Krause
  given: S. James
- family: Li
  given: Chao
- family: Backus
  given: Deborah
- family: Jarnecke
  given: Melinda
- family: Reed
  given: Karla
- family: Rembert
  given: Jameka
- family: Rumrill
  given: Phillip
- family: Dismuke-Greer
  given: E. Clara
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.02.015
earlyaccessdate: AUG 2021
eissn: 1532-821X
files: []
issn: 0003-9993
journal: ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
keywords: 'Multiple Sclerosis; Spinal cord injuries; Employment; Rehabilitation;

  Vocational'
keywords-plus: PEOPLE; WORK
language: English
month: AUG
number: '8'
number-of-cited-references: '17'
pages: 1556-1561
papis_id: bc67e142c3d7315d077061209aa97b5d
ref: Krause2021barriersfacilitators
times-cited: '4'
title: 'Barriers and Facilitators to Employment: A Comparison of Participants With
  Multiple Sclerosis and Spinal Cord Injury'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000692556700014
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '1'
volume: '102'
web-of-science-categories: Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences
year: '2021'