abstract: 'Several post-Soviet states have introduced indigenization policies to

  improve the relative economic, political or social position of formerly

  disadvantaged populations. Using one example of such policies -

  ``Kazakhization{''''} in Kazakhstan - we investigate their impact on the

  comparative earnings of two directly affected groups, ethnic Kazakhs and

  ethnic Russians. Oaxaca decompositions show that Kazakhs are better

  endowed with income generating characteristics but receive lower returns

  to these characteristics than Russians. The second effect dominates and

  Kazakhs have comparatively lower average living standards. While

  ``Kazakhization{''''} may have been successful in some sense it appears to

  also have induced ethnic Russians to move into jobs that (at least in

  monetary terms) are superior now to those held by Kazakhs. Journal of

  Comparative Economics 45 (2017) 605-621. Rutgers University, 75 Hamilton

  Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Institute for the Study of Labor

  (IZA), Schaumburg-Lippe-Strasse 5-9, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Centre for

  Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM), 30 Gordon Street, London

  WC1H OAX, UK; The World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, DC 20433,

  USA; Institute for East and Southeast European Studies (IOS), Landshuter

  Strasse 4, 93047 Regensburg, Germany. (C) 2016 Association for

  Comparative Economic Studies. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights

  reserved.'
affiliation: 'Schmillen, A (Corresponding Author), World Bank, 1818 H St NW, Washington,
  DC 20433 USA.

  Gang, Ira N., Rutgers State Univ, 75 Hamilton St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.

  Gang, Ira N., Inst Study Labor IZA, Schaumburg Lippe Str 5-9, D-53113 Bonn, Germany.

  Gang, Ira N., Ctr Res \& Anal Migrat CReAM, 30 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AX, England.

  Schmillen, Achim, World Bank, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA.

  Gang, Ira N.; Schmillen, Achim, Inst East \& Southeast European Studies IOS, Landshuter
  Str 4, D-93047 Regensburg, Germany.'
author: Gang, Ira N. and Schmillen, Achim
author-email: aschmillen@worldbank.org
author_list:
- family: Gang
  given: Ira N.
- family: Schmillen
  given: Achim
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1016/j.jce.2016.11.002
eissn: 1095-7227
files: []
issn: 0147-5967
journal: JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS
keywords: Ethnicity; Decomposition; Indigenization; Kazakhstan
keywords-plus: 'UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES; DUMMY VARIABLES; WAGE GAP; TRANSITION; GENDER;

  DECOMPOSITION; DETERMINANTS; EMPLOYMENT; MIGRATION; CHOICE'
language: English
month: AUG
number: '3'
number-of-cited-references: '50'
orcid-numbers: Gang, Ira/0000-0003-3788-8798
pages: 605-621
papis_id: 385174ab85f62f6f959359487edd7caa
ref: Gang2017sometimeswinners
times-cited: '4'
title: 'Sometimes, winners lose: Economic disparity and indigenization in Kazakhstan'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000411771000010
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '10'
volume: '45'
web-of-science-categories: Economics
year: '2017'