abstract: 'This study contributes to the debates on both spatial mismatch and

  ``social-network{''''} mismatch by considering the independent effects of

  spatial and social accessibility on the unemployment of less-educated

  native-born black and immigrant women. These groups experience

  relatively high unemployment yet differ in the hypothesized capacities

  of their social networks. Using residential patterns and the by detailed

  geographic census data matched to travel data, I calculated an

  accessibility index to measure spatial job accessibility and used

  information on neighborhood characteristics and household composition to

  assess social accessibility. The results indicate that better spatial

  accessibility to jobs is associated with lower unemployment among

  native-born black and foreign-born Mexican and Vietnamese women; no

  association was detected among the remaining immigrant groups. The

  analysis yielded no empirical support for the advantages that residence

  in an enclave may provide female immigrant residents in the form of

  access to employment through social networks. In fact, the results point

  to detrimental effects of residence in an ethnic enclave for

  foreign-born Mexican and Vietnamese women. Finally, among all groups,

  living with other employed adults significantly and substantively

  decreased a woman''s likelihood of unemployment, indicating the

  importance of household-based social accessibility for less-educated

  native-born black and immigrant women''s employment outcomes.'
affiliation: 'Parks, V (Corresponding Author), Univ Chicago, Sch Social Serv Adm,
  969E 60th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.

  Univ Chicago, Sch Social Serv Adm, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.'
author: Parks, V
author-email: vparks@uchicago.edu
author_list:
- family: Parks
  given: V
da: '2023-09-28'
files: []
issn: 0013-0095
journal: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
keywords: 'employment accessibility; spatial mismatch; immigrant labor markets;

  neighborhood effects; female unemployment'
keywords-plus: 'LABOR-FORCE PARTICIPATION; FRANCISCO BAY AREA; JOB SEARCH; NEW-YORK;

  MISMATCH HYPOTHESIS; RESIDENTIAL LOCATION; EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS;

  RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; NETWORKS; MARKET'
language: English
month: APR
number: '2'
number-of-cited-references: '88'
pages: 141-172
papis_id: 670a3dc6adffde3969377ec4f26ad4fc
ref: Parks2004accesswork
times-cited: '77'
title: 'Access to work: The effects of spatial and social accessibility on unemployment
  for native-born black and immigrant women in Los Angeles'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000221588700002
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '29'
volume: '80'
web-of-science-categories: Economics; Geography
year: '2004'