abstract: 'This study examines the association between employment trajectories and

  retired men''s and women''s individual wealth at older ages in the two

  distinct welfare state contexts of Eastern and Western Germany. Because

  of the increasing re-marketization of retirement provisions, wealth is

  becoming increasingly important for retirees'' economic well-being. Using

  data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (2002, 2007, 2012 and

  2017), we conduct sequence and cluster analyses to identify groups of

  typical employment trajectories of men and women in Eastern and Western

  Germany. For men, we find that continuous full-time employment is

  positively associated with net wealth at older ages, whereas early

  retirement and long-term unemployment are negatively associated with

  wealth. These associations are similar for housing and non-housing

  wealth in both contexts. For women in Western Germany, a low labour

  market participation is associated with higher levels of housing wealth

  and lower levels of non-housing wealth compared with female full-time

  employees. The results point to gendered wealth accumulation due to

  differences in men''s and women''s labour market participation in

  gender-unequal welfare state contexts. The associations between

  employment and wealth are slightly weaker in Eastern Germany, indicating

  that the socialist regime of the GDR restricted the ability to

  accumulate wealth.'
affiliation: 'Nutz, T (Corresponding Author), Humboldt Univ, Dept Social Sci, Univ
  Str 3b, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.

  Nutz, Theresa; Lersch, Philipp M., Humboldt Univ, Dept Social Sci, Univ Str 3b,
  D-10117 Berlin, Germany.

  Lersch, Philipp M., DIW Berlin, Mohrenstr 58, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.'
article-number: '100374'
author: Nutz, Theresa and Lersch, Philipp M.
author-email: 'theresa.nutz@hu-berlin.de

  p.m.lersch@hu-berlin.de'
author_list:
- family: Nutz
  given: Theresa
- family: Lersch
  given: Philipp M.
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1016/j.alcr.2020.100374
earlyaccessdate: FEB 2021
files: []
issn: 1040-2608
journal: ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH
keywords: 'Employment; Gender; Wealth accumulation; Retirement; Sequence analysis;

  Welfare states'
keywords-plus: 'FAMILY LIFE COURSES; DE-STANDARDIZATION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; BABY

  BOOMERS; WORK; INEQUALITY; PATTERNS; PENSION; INCOME; INHERITANCE'
language: English
month: MAR
number-of-cited-references: '60'
orcid-numbers: Nutz, Theresa/0000-0002-5803-6810
papis_id: 2d606cfe7627f304d7954b742929bc6e
ref: Nutz2021genderedemployment
times-cited: '9'
title: Gendered employment trajectories and individual wealth at older ages in Eastern
  and Western Germany
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000624424300001
usage-count-last-180-days: '3'
usage-count-since-2013: '9'
volume: '47'
web-of-science-categories: Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
year: '2021'