abstract: 'Background: While black mothers initiate human milk (HM) provision at

  lower rates than non-black mothers in the United States, some neonatal

  intensive care units (NICUs) report similar initiation rates regardless

  of race/ethnicity for mothers of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants.

  However, racial disparity frequently becomes evident in the proportion

  of black infants who continue to receive HM feedings at NICU discharge.

  Since social factors have been associated with differences in HM

  provision for term infants, we sought to identify differences in social

  factors associated with HM feeding at discharge based on race/ethnicity.

  Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study of racially diverse

  mothers of VLBW infants measured social factors including maternal

  education, breastfeeding support, return to work/school, HM feeding

  goal, previous breastfeeding, or formula experience. Multivariate

  logistic regression modeling was applied to social factors to predict HM

  feeding at discharge. Additional regression models were created for

  racial/ethnic subgroups to identify differences.

  Results: For all 362 mothers, WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition

  Program for Women, Infants, and Children) eligibility and maternal goal

  near time of discharge of providing any HM negatively and positively

  predicted HM feeding at discharge, respectively. Perceived breastfeeding

  support from the infant''s maternal grandmother negatively predicted HM

  feeding at discharge for black mothers.

  Conclusions: Future interventions to increase duration of HM provision

  in VLBW infants should focus on the establishment and maintenance of

  maternal HM feeding goals. Further studies of the familial support

  system of black mothers are warranted to determine multigenerational

  impact and potential interventions.'
affiliation: 'Patel, AL (Corresponding Author), Rush Univ, Childrens Hosp, 1653 West
  Congress Pkwy,Suite 353 Pavil, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.

  Fleurant, Erin, Rush Univ, Coll Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.

  Schoeny, Michael; Hoban, Rebecca; Meier, Paula P.; Patel, Aloka L., Rush Univ, Childrens
  Hosp, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.

  Hoban, Rebecca; Meier, Paula P.; Bigger, Harold; Patel, Aloka L., Rush Univ, Med
  Ctr, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.

  Asiodu, Ifeyinwa V., Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Nursing, San Francisco, CA 94143
  USA.

  Riley, Brittany, Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Coll Nursing, Columbus, OH USA.'
author: Fleurant, Erin and Schoeny, Michael and Hoban, Rebecca and Asiodu, Ifeyinwa
  V. and Riley, Brittany and Meier, Paula P. and Bigger, Harold and Patel, Aloka L.
author-email: aloka\_patel@rush.edu
author_list:
- family: Fleurant
  given: Erin
- family: Schoeny
  given: Michael
- family: Hoban
  given: Rebecca
- family: Asiodu
  given: Ifeyinwa V.
- family: Riley
  given: Brittany
- family: Meier
  given: Paula P.
- family: Bigger
  given: Harold
- family: Patel
  given: Aloka L.
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1089/bfm.2016.0105
eissn: 1556-8342
files: []
issn: 1556-8253
journal: BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE
keywords: premature infant; social factors; barriers; NICU; human milk
keywords-plus: 'INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; BREAST-MILK; LOW-INCOME;

  NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS; NICU HOSPITALIZATION; PREMATURE-INFANTS; PEER

  COUNSELORS; MOTHERS; RISK'
language: English
month: JAN-FEB
number: '1'
number-of-cited-references: '40'
orcid-numbers: 'Patel, Aloka L./0000-0003-1751-0421

  Hoban, Rebecca/0000-0001-9457-8791'
pages: 20-27
papis_id: f27a05811199c45d813f369f250edfd0
ref: Fleurant2017barriershuman
researcherid-numbers: 'Patel, Aloka L./T-1802-2019

  '
times-cited: '41'
title: 'Barriers to Human Milk Feeding at Discharge of Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants:
  Maternal Goal Setting as a Key Social Factor'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000391843800005
usage-count-last-180-days: '1'
usage-count-since-2013: '21'
volume: '12'
web-of-science-categories: Obstetrics \& Gynecology; Pediatrics
year: '2017'