abstract: 'We combine nationally representative household and labor force survey

  data from 1992 to 2016 to provide a detailed description of rural labor

  market evolution and how it relates to the structural transformation of

  rural Vietnam, especially within the agricultural sector. Our study adds

  to the emerging literature on structural transformation in low-income

  countries using micro-level data and helps to answer several

  policy-related questions. We find limited employment creation potential

  of agriculture, especially for youth. Rural-urban real wage convergence

  has gone hand-in-hand with increased diversification of the rural

  economy into the non-farm sector nationwide and rapid advances in

  educational attainment in all sectors'' and regions'' workforce. Minimum

  wage laws seem to have played no significant role in increasing

  agricultural wages. This enhanced integration also manifests in steady

  attenuation of the longstanding inverse farm size-yield relationship.

  Farming has remained securely household-based and the family farmland

  distribution has remained largely unchanged. Small farm sizes have not

  obstructed mechanization nor the uptake of labor-saving pesticides,

  consistent with factor substitution induced by rising real wage rates.

  As rural households rely more heavily on the labor market, human capital

  accumulation (rather than land endowments) have become the key correlate

  of improvements in rural household well-being.'
affiliation: 'Liu, YY (Corresponding Author), Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington,
  DC 20036 USA.

  Pham, T (Corresponding Author), Cornell Univ, Dyson Sch Appl Econ \& Management,
  Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.

  Liu, Yanyan, Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA.

  Barrett, Christopher B.; Pham, Trinh, Cornell Univ, Dyson Sch Appl Econ \& Management,
  Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.

  Violette, William, Fed Trade Commiss, Washington, DC 20580 USA.'
article-number: '101913'
author: Liu, Yanyan and Barrett, Christopher B. and Pham, Trinh and Violette, William
author-email: 'y.liu@cgiar.org

  cbb2@cornell.edu

  tp347@cornell.edu'
author_list:
- family: Liu
  given: Yanyan
- family: Barrett
  given: Christopher B.
- family: Pham
  given: Trinh
- family: Violette
  given: William
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2020.101913
eissn: 1873-5657
files: []
issn: 0306-9192
journal: FOOD POLICY
keywords: 'Vietnam; Structural transformation; Rural labor market; Inverse farm

  size and productivity relationship'
keywords-plus: 'SIZE-PRODUCTIVITY RELATIONSHIP; FARM SIZE; SEASONAL MIGRATION;

  MEASUREMENT ERRORS; TRANSITION; MARKETS; MECHANIZATION; INEQUALITY;

  SERVICES; HEALTH'
language: English
month: JUL
number-of-cited-references: '65'
orcid-numbers: Pham, Trinh/0000-0002-9026-8259
papis_id: 7a644397cbb8b92d8d06848d9aab45b0
ref: Liu2020intertemporalevoluti
times-cited: '30'
title: 'The intertemporal evolution of agriculture and labor over a rapid structural
  transformation: Lessons from Vietnam'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000551661300011
usage-count-last-180-days: '6'
usage-count-since-2013: '36'
volume: '94'
web-of-science-categories: 'Agricultural Economics \& Policy; Economics; Food Science
  \& Technology;

  Nutrition \& Dietetics'
year: '2020'