abstract: 'Purpose The purpose of the article is to examine the experiences of

  workers with intellectual disability (WWID) and subtle discriminatory

  practices that hold these workers back from thriving at the workplace.

  Design/methodology/approach The research design employs the Shore et al.

  (2011) framework of inclusion supported by optimal distinctiveness

  theory (ODT) (Brewer, 1991). These theoretical frames are used to

  examine the potential for WWID to become members of a work group and

  experience the opportunity to develop their unique selves, negotiate and

  thrive through their work for purposeful career outcomes. A qualitative

  case study approach was adopted through interviews and focus groups with

  a total of 91 participants: 41 WWID, 5 human resource (HR) managers, 5

  duty/department managers (DMs), 24 colleagues and 16 supervisors.

  Findings The authors found that enhancing inclusion is underpinned by

  the positive impact of human resource management (HRM) practices and

  line management support for WWID feelings of belongingness and

  uniqueness that enable them to thrive through their work activities. The

  authors demonstrate that WWID need manager support and positive social

  interactions to increase their learning and vitality for work to embrace

  opportunities for growth. However, when WWID do not have these

  conditions, there are fewer opportunities for them to thrive at the

  workplace. Practical implications There is a need for formal HRM and

  management support and inclusive organisational interventions to

  mitigate discriminatory practices and better support WWID at work. There

  is an opportunity for HRM to design training and development around

  belongingness and uniqueness for this cohort of workers to maximise WWID

  opportunities to thrive through their work. Originality/value This study

  examines a cohort of WWID who are often forgotten and subtly

  discriminated against more so than other minority or vulnerable cohorts

  in the workplace, especially in terms of their development and reaching

  their full potential at work, which has an impact on their ability to

  thrive through their work. The paper makes an innovative contribution to

  the HRM literature through unpacking the processes through which Shore

  et al.''s (2011) conceptualisation of belongingness and uniqueness

  contributes to thriving for a marginalised and often overlooked cohort

  of workers.'
affiliation: 'Pariona-Cabrera, P (Corresponding Author), RMIT Univ, Melbourne, Vic,
  Australia.

  Cavanagh, Jillian; Pariona-Cabrera, Patricia; Bartram, Timothy, RMIT Univ, Melbourne,
  Vic, Australia.

  Meacham, Hannah, Monash Univ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.'
author: Cavanagh, Jillian and Meacham, Hannah and Pariona-Cabrera, Patricia and Bartram,
  Timothy
author-email: patricia.pariona-cabrera@rmit.edu.au
author_list:
- family: Cavanagh
  given: Jillian
- family: Meacham
  given: Hannah
- family: Pariona-Cabrera
  given: Patricia
- family: Bartram
  given: Timothy
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1108/PR-10-2021-0723
earlyaccessdate: NOV 2021
eissn: 1758-6933
files: []
issn: 0048-3486
journal: PERSONNEL REVIEW
keywords: 'Discrimination; Intellectual disability; Line managers; HRM;

  Belongingness; Uniqueness; Thriving and inclusion'
keywords-plus: 'SOCIAL INCLUSION; SELF-EFFICACY; EMPLOYMENT; DIVERSITY; PEOPLE;

  EMPLOYEES; PERSPECTIVES; PERCEPTIONS; EXCLUSION; IDENTITY'
language: English
month: OCT 17
number: 7-8, SI
number-of-cited-references: '66'
orcid-numbers: 'Pariona-Cabrera, Patricia/0000-0002-4578-2005

  Bartram, Timothy/0000-0003-4496-7048'
pages: 1739-1756
papis_id: b251ad1c7cc4e1c03a345ee3ac76c9a8
ref: Cavanagh2021subtleworkplace
researcherid-numbers: 'Pariona-Cabrera, Patricia/ISB-3348-2023

  '
times-cited: '1'
title: Subtle workplace discrimination inhibiting workers with intellectual disability
  from thriving at the workplace
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000722829800001
usage-count-last-180-days: '5'
usage-count-since-2013: '20'
volume: '50'
web-of-science-categories: Industrial Relations \& Labor; Psychology, Applied; Management
year: '2021'