abstract: 'We consider and attempt to understand the gender wage gap across 26

  European countries, using 2007 data from the European Union Statistics

  on Income and Living Conditions.(4)The size of the gender wage gap

  varies considerably across countries, definitions of the gap, and

  selection-correction mechanisms. Most of the gap cannot be explained by

  the characteristics available in this data set. Quantile regressions

  show that, in a number of countries, the wage gap is wider at the top

  (''glass ceilings'') and/or at the bottom of the wage distribution

  (''sticky floors''). We find larger mean/median gender gaps and more

  evidence of glass ceilings for full-time full-year employees, suggesting

  more female disadvantage in `better'' jobs. These features may be related

  to country-specific policies that cannot be evaluated at the

  individual-country level, at a point in time. We use the cross-country

  variation in the unexplained wage gaps of this larger-than-usual sample

  of states to explore the influence of (i) country policies that

  reconcile work and family life and (ii) their wage-setting institutions.

  We find that country policies and institutions are related to features

  of their unexplained gender wage gaps in systematic, quantitatively

  important, ways. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.'
affiliation: 'Christofides, LN (Corresponding Author), Univ Cyprus, Dept Econ, POB
  20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.

  Christofides, Louis N.; Polycarpou, Alexandros; Vrachimis, Konstantinos, Univ Cyprus,
  Dept Econ, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.

  Vrachimis, Konstantinos, Cooperat Cent Bank Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.'
author: Christofides, Louis N. and Polycarpou, Alexandros and Vrachimis, Konstantinos
author-email: 'louis.christofides@ucy.ac.cy

  polycarpou@ucy.ac.cy

  kvrachimis@ccb.coop.com.cy'
author_list:
- family: Christofides
  given: Louis N.
- family: Polycarpou
  given: Alexandros
- family: Vrachimis
  given: Konstantinos
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1016/j.labeco.2013.01.003
eissn: 1879-1034
files: []
issn: 0927-5371
journal: LABOUR ECONOMICS
keywords: 'Gender wage gap; Selection; Quantiles; Work-family reconciliation;

  Wage-setting institutions'
keywords-plus: 'QUANTILE REGRESSION; CHILD-CARE; PAY GAP; DECOMPOSITION; EMPLOYMENT;

  DIFFERENTIALS; COUNTRIES; BRITAIN; SWEDEN; IMPACT'
language: English
month: APR
number-of-cited-references: '42'
pages: 86-102
papis_id: 2baf8a0fb32781dd733cd727cf59fb2c
ref: Christofides2013genderwage
times-cited: '135'
title: Gender wage gaps, `sticky floors' and `glass ceilings' in Europe
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000316776900007
usage-count-last-180-days: '6'
usage-count-since-2013: '183'
volume: '21'
web-of-science-categories: Economics
year: '2013'