abstract: 'Do children suffer long-term consequences when they grow up without a

  car? To answer that question, this article uses propensity score

  matching and longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics.

  Young adults who were carless as children completed less education,

  worked for pay less often, experienced more unemployment, and earned

  less than their matched peers with consistent car access. The matching

  process allows me to compare like to like; it accounts for differences

  in income, wealth, residential location, family composition, and race.

  These results suggest that transportation disadvantage contributes to

  the intergenerational transmission of economic standing.'
affiliation: 'Ralph, KM (Corresponding Author), Rutgers State Univ, Edward J Bloustein
  Sch Planning \& Publ Policy, 33 Livingston Ave, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.

  Ralph, Kelcie M., Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ USA.'
author: Ralph, Kelcie M.
author-email: kelcie.ralph@ejb.rutgers.edu
author_list:
- family: Ralph
  given: Kelcie M.
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1177/0739456X18798451
eissn: 1552-6577
files: []
issn: 0739-456X
journal: JOURNAL OF PLANNING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH
keywords: 'automobile access; transportation disadvantage; transition to adulthood;

  adolescence; inequality'
keywords-plus: 'EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITY PARTICIPATION; LIFE-COURSE; LOW-INCOME; GENDER;

  SCHOOL; GAP; OWNERSHIP; MOBILITY; OUTCOMES; WELFARE'
language: English
month: MAR
number: '1'
number-of-cited-references: '66'
pages: 36-46
papis_id: 4e83a58b838631177a899314b56f3a78
ref: Ralph2022childhoodcar
times-cited: '5'
title: 'Childhood Car Access: Long-term Consequences for Education, Employment, and
  Earnings'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000751505500004
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '11'
volume: '42'
web-of-science-categories: Regional \& Urban Planning; Urban Studies
year: '2022'