abstract: 'The literature on socio-economic variations in the association between

  retirement timing and health is inconclusive and largely limited to the

  moderating role of occupation. By selecting the sample case of Mexico

  where a sizeable number of older adults have no or very little formal

  education, this study allows the moderating role of education to be

  tested properly. Drawing on panel data for 2,430 individuals age 50 and

  over from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) and combining

  propensity score matching models with fixed-effects regressions, this

  article investigates differences in the health effects of retirement

  timing between older adults with varying years of education. Subjective

  health is measured using a self-reported assessment of respondents''

  overall health and physical health as a reverse count of

  doctor-diagnosed chronic diseases. The results indicate that early

  transitions into retirement are associated with worse health outcomes,

  but education fully compensates for the detrimental association with

  subjective and physical health, while adjusting for baseline health,

  demographics and socio-economic characteristics. In conclusion, formal

  education during childhood and adolescence is associated with a

  long-term protective effect on health. It attenuates negative health

  consequences of early retirement transitions. Policies and programmes

  promoting healthy and active ageing would benefit from considering the

  influence of formal education in shaping older adults'' health after the

  transition into retirement.'
affiliation: 'Calvo, E (Corresponding Author), Univ Mayor, Sch Publ Hlth, Soc \& Hlth
  Res Ctr, Santiago, Chile.

  Calvo, E (Corresponding Author), Univ Mayor, Sch Publ Hlth, Lab Aging \& Social
  Epidemiol, Santiago, Chile.

  Calvo, E (Corresponding Author), Columbia Univ, Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Ctr,
  Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA.

  Calvo, E (Corresponding Author), Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Mailman Sch Publ
  Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA.

  Allel, Kasim; Calvo, Esteban, Univ Mayor, Sch Publ Hlth, Soc \& Hlth Res Ctr, Santiago,
  Chile.

  Allel, Kasim; Calvo, Esteban, Univ Mayor, Sch Publ Hlth, Lab Aging \& Social Epidemiol,
  Santiago, Chile.

  Allel, Kasim, Millennium Nucleus Study Life Course \& Vulnerabil, Santiago, Chile.

  Leon, Ana Sofia, Univ Diego Portales, Sch Business \& Econ, Dept Econ, Santiago,
  Chile.

  Staudinger, Ursula M., Columbia Univ, Dept Sociomed Sci, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth,
  New York, NY USA.

  Staudinger, Ursula M.; Calvo, Esteban, Columbia Univ, Robert N Butler Columbia Aging
  Ctr, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA.

  Calvo, Esteban, Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York,
  NY 10027 USA.'
article-number: PII S0144686X19000928
author: Allel, Kasim and Leon, Ana Sofia and Staudinger, Ursula M. and Calvo, Esteban
author-email: esteban.calvo@columbia.edu
author_list:
- family: Allel
  given: Kasim
- family: Leon
  given: Ana Sofia
- family: Staudinger
  given: Ursula M.
- family: Calvo
  given: Esteban
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1017/S0144686X19000928
eissn: 1469-1779
files: []
issn: 0144-686X
journal: AGEING \& SOCIETY
keywords: 'education; employment; work; retirement; self-reported health; chronic

  disease; developing countries; lifecourse'
keywords-plus: 'AGE-RELATED TRAJECTORIES; LIFE-STYLE; FOLLOW-UP; SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC

  FACTORS; PROPENSITY SCORE; WORK; MORTALITY; INEQUALITIES; EMPLOYMENT;

  AMERICA'
language: English
month: JAN
number: '1'
number-of-cited-references: '81'
orcid-numbers: 'Allel, Kasim/0000-0002-2144-7181

  Calvo, Esteban/0000-0002-2382-5553'
pages: 137-157
papis_id: d5ab548182bd3808acd22d201f909121
ref: Allel2021healthyretirement
researcherid-numbers: 'Allel, Kasim/C-3435-2017

  Leon, Ana/AAA-5110-2022

  '
times-cited: '5'
title: 'Healthy retirement begins at school: educational differences in the health
  outcomes of early transitions into retirement'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000599199200007
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '11'
volume: '41'
web-of-science-categories: Gerontology
year: '2021'