abstract: 'So far, gender inequality in education has been considered in the

  context of inequality in women''s access to technical specialties, the

  impact of education on the fertility rate and wages of women, the impact

  of religious, cultural, social-economic values on women''s education

  level. However, this concept does little to explain the gender imbalance

  and low quality of human capital in an environment where women have the

  opportunity to be educated in any field of knowledge through a

  feminization in the European countries. The research methodology is

  based on the correlation analysis of indicators of gender equality in

  education in Germany, France, Poland, and Ukraine for 1991-2018. The

  purpose of the study is to identify the trends and dynamics of gender

  changes in education, the level of gender inequality and establish the

  causes and effects of gender asymmetry in some European countries. To

  evaluate gender equality in education, we used the Gender Parity Index.

  The results of correlation analysis prove the presence of a direct

  connection between the level of fertility and the Gender Parity Index in

  the field of primary and higher education, while in the field of

  secondary education reverse. Such tendencies are inherent in almost all

  countries of Europe. The analysis of indicators characterizing the level

  of education of women within the Eurozone countries shows the decisive

  role of the structure of the economy and the needs of the labor market

  in specialists with digital skills and mental abilities. The structure

  of the economy and the efficiency of various sectors ensure the

  reduction of gender inequality in education, contributing to overall

  economic growth and GDP per capita. Political institutions and national

  policies indirectly influence gender inequality in education by

  regulating the development of sectors of the economy with different

  levels of female employment. The proposed paradigm of gender inequality

  is based on the crucial role of skills, competencies, and abilities

  regardless of gender. The gender imbalance has been overcome in

  countries with a high level of women''s competence. Competence is a new

  paradigm in overcoming gender inequality. (C) 2021 The Authors.

  Published by IASE.'
affiliation: 'Stepanenko, O (Corresponding Author), Dnipropetrovsk Reg Council, Dnipro
  Acad Continuing Educ, Communal Inst Higher Educ, Dept Social \& Humanitarian Educ,
  Dnipro, Ukraine.

  Stepanenko, Olena, Dnipropetrovsk Reg Council, Dnipro Acad Continuing Educ, Communal
  Inst Higher Educ, Dept Social \& Humanitarian Educ, Dnipro, Ukraine.

  Tarasenko, Kostiantyn, Natl Acad Internal Affairs, Dept Constitut Law \& Human Rights,
  Kiev, Ukraine.

  Karakoz, Olena; Dolbenko, Tetiana, Kyiv Natl Univ Culture \& Arts, Fac Informat
  Technol Law \& Cyber Secur, Dept Informat Technol, Kiev, Ukraine.

  Markevych, Larysa, Rivne State Human Univ, Fac Art \& Pedag Arts, Dept Choreog,
  Rivne, Ukraine.'
author: Stepanenko, Olena and Tarasenko, Kostiantyn and Karakoz, Olena and Dolbenko,
  Tetiana and Markevych, Larysa
author-email: olena.step@ukr.net
author_list:
- family: Stepanenko
  given: Olena
- family: Tarasenko
  given: Kostiantyn
- family: Karakoz
  given: Olena
- family: Dolbenko
  given: Tetiana
- family: Markevych
  given: Larysa
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.21833/ijaas.2021.11.012
eissn: 2313-3724
files: []
issn: 2313-626X
journal: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES
keywords: 'Gender inequality; Gender imbalance; Paradigm of competence; Paradigm of

  gender inequality; Gender parity index'
keywords-plus: ECONOMIC-GROWTH; INEQUALITY; EQUALITY
language: English
month: NOV
number: '11'
number-of-cited-references: '30'
orcid-numbers: 'Tarasenko, Kostiantyn/0000-0002-2009-6260

  Dolbenko, Tetiana/0000-0002-3366-8598

  Stepanenko, Olena/0000-0003-0887-5808

  Karakoz, Olena/0000-0002-7772-1530'
pages: 87-95
papis_id: 994f7a4105b72101bdab6b588ac60166
ref: Stepanenko2021genderissue
researcherid-numbers: 'Tarasenko, Kostiantyn/AAW-2137-2021

  Dolbenko, Tetiana/GYE-1217-2022

  Stepanenko, Olena/ABH-1242-2021

  Karakoz, Olena/AAT-8387-2021'
times-cited: '0'
title: 'Gender issue in modern education: Theory and practice'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000811308800012
usage-count-last-180-days: '7'
usage-count-since-2013: '19'
volume: '8'
web-of-science-categories: Multidisciplinary Sciences
year: '2021'