abstract: 'Orphan and vulnerable children (OVC) often have worse educational,

  developmental, nutritional, and behavioral outcomes than non-OVC. Much

  of these disparities come from reduced household earnings due to the

  loss of parental income. The present study used conditional process

  analysis to evaluate income and savings among OVC households, using

  cross-sectional data from 1,060 OVC in a 3-year Kenyan empowerment

  program that combined elements of cash transfer, psychosocial support,

  and small business entrepreneurship. Higher monthly earnings were

  significantly associated with program participation in a graded fashion.

  Approximately one-third of the association was mediated by material

  inputs, indicating that a substantial portion may be explained by other

  unobserved program elements. Eighty-five percent of increased rates of

  saving money in the past year were mediated by improved monthly income,

  cash transferred and improved food consumption. Data analysis highlights

  the need for multisectoral approaches and the need for more research to

  understand how to improve household economic stability among OVC. Key

  Practitioner Message: center dot Orphans and vulnerable children (OVC)

  are at risk of greater poverty, leading to multiple developmental and

  health challenges; center dot Current policy in Kenya to offset costs of

  caring for OVC utilizes monthly cash transfers to households providing

  care for OVC; center dot The present study found that increases in

  monthly income in an OVC multisectoral empowerment program were largely

  due to factors beyond the material inputs.'
affiliation: 'Goodman, ML (Corresponding Author), Univ Texas Med Branch, Internal
  Med, 301 Univ Blvd,M Graves 4-314C, Galveston, TX 77555 USA.

  Goodman, ML (Corresponding Author), Sodzo Int, OVC Res, 4100 Main St, Houston, TX
  77002 USA.

  Goodman, Michael L.; Keiser, Philip H.; Raimer-Goodman, Lauren, Univ Texas Med Branch,
  Internal Med, 301 Univ Blvd,M Graves 4-314C, Galveston, TX 77555 USA.

  Goodman, Michael L., Sodzo Int, OVC Res, 4100 Main St, Houston, TX 77002 USA.

  Gitari, Stanley, Maua Methodist Hosp, Community Hlth, Maua Eastern, Kenya.'
author: Goodman, Michael L. and Gitari, Stanley and Keiser, Philip H. and Raimer-Goodman,
  Lauren
author-email: migoodma@utmb.edu
author_list:
- family: Goodman
  given: Michael L.
- family: Gitari
  given: Stanley
- family: Keiser
  given: Philip H.
- family: Raimer-Goodman
  given: Lauren
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1111/ijsw.12226
eissn: 1468-2397
files: []
issn: 1369-6866
journal: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WELFARE
keywords: 'social welfare policy; social and economic justice; quantitative

  research; international social work; Kenya; youth development'
keywords-plus: 'SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HEALTH; PROGRAM; POVERTY; EDUCATION; TRANSFERS;

  OUTCOMES; GENDER; YOUTH; WATER'
language: English
month: JAN
number: '1'
number-of-cited-references: '57'
orcid-numbers: Goodman, Michael/0000-0003-1779-4698
pages: 37-48
papis_id: b0003ecd020f529ab4a23f63292e7e3a
ref: Goodman2017economicempowerment
times-cited: '2'
title: 'Economic empowerment or cash-dependency for orphans and vulnerable children
  in Kenya: Evidence from an alternative to cash-only models'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000393681400004
usage-count-last-180-days: '1'
usage-count-since-2013: '16'
volume: '26'
web-of-science-categories: Social Work
year: '2017'