abstract: 'Providing care for older people who have support needs is mainly a

  familial and female responsibility in Chile. Despite Chile''s development

  level, the participation of females in the workforce lags behind (at

  around 50\%), and 72\% of female carers of an older relative are not in

  the labour force. This paper explores the reasons why in Latin America

  adult children remain out of the labour force while caring for an older

  parent or parent-in-law who has support needs. It draws on 30 in-depth

  interviews of family carers from low- to high-income households. The

  interviews were carried out in Chile in 2017, and were analysed using an

  inductive thematic analysis to identify core themes related to the

  subjects'' reasons for remaining out of the labour force. Four factors

  hinder the combination of paid work and caring for a parent or

  parent-in-law with support needs: (a) externalised care was too

  expensive; (b) finding non-precarious, flexible work was difficult; (c)

  their perception of femininity or womanhood conflicted with the idea of

  combining care and paid work; and (d) they experienced a lack of public

  and/or social support.'
affiliation: 'Palacios, J (Corresponding Author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile,
  Escuela Gobierno, Millenium Nucleus Study Life Course \& Vulnerabil, Santiago, Chile.

  Palacios, Josefa, Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Escuela Gobierno, Millenium Nucleus
  Study Life Course \& Vulnerabil, Santiago, Chile.

  Ramm, Alejandra, Univ Valparaiso Chile, Dept Sociol, Millenium Nucleus Study Life
  Course \& Vulnerabil, Valparaiso, Chile.

  Olivi, Alessandra, Univ Valparaiso Chile, Dept Sociol, Ctr Interdisciplinario El
  Desarrollo Adulto Mayor, Valparaiso, Chile.'
author: Palacios, Josefa and Ramm, Alejandra and Olivi, Alessandra
author-email: mjpalaci@uc.cl
author_list:
- family: Palacios
  given: Josefa
- family: Ramm
  given: Alejandra
- family: Olivi
  given: Alessandra
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1111/hsc.13250
earlyaccessdate: DEC 2020
eissn: 1365-2524
files: []
issn: 0966-0410
journal: HEALTH \& SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY
keywords: 'Chile; gender inequality; informal care; labour market participation;

  Latin America; long\&\#8208; term care; qualitative methods'
keywords-plus: EMPLOYMENT; CAREGIVERS; ADULTS; WORK; RISK
language: English
month: SEP
number: '5'
number-of-cited-references: '55'
orcid-numbers: Ramm, Alejandra/0000-0001-6419-7912
pages: E107-E115
papis_id: 4be8ba1f0768d1cae482819c61c4c719
ref: Palacios2021constraintsthat
times-cited: '2'
title: Constraints that discourage participation in the labour market by female carers
  of older relatives in Santiago, Chile
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000595669900001
usage-count-last-180-days: '2'
usage-count-since-2013: '6'
volume: '29'
web-of-science-categories: Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health; Social Work
year: '2021'