abstract: 'Introduction: People with intellectual and developmental disabilities

  (IDD) including Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) often face serious

  transportation challenges that impede healthcare access, community

  participation, and employment opportunities. Travel training, which

  makes use of one-on-one instruction, may help people with IDD overcome

  transportation barriers. The purpose of this study was to examine the

  impact of a comprehensive travel training program on the travel skills

  of individuals with IDD.

  Methods: Participants were a convenience sample of all individuals with

  IDD (n = 87) who received travel training from the Kennedy Center in

  2016 and 2017. Pre- and post-test scores on the Progressive Evaluation

  of Travel Skills, as well as primary mode(s) of public transportation

  used, purpose of use, and number of training sessions were recorded in a

  secure database. Data was de-identified which involved a process of

  removing any personally identifiable information. A secondary analysis

  was completed to test the effect of travel training on transportation

  skill acquisition by using multilevel analyses. Specifically, the

  effects of condition (Intellectual Disability (ID) without ASD, ID and

  ASD, ASD without ID), time (pre-training, post-training), and condition

  x time interactions on transportation skill T-scores were analyzed.

  Results: Participants were 69 men and 18 women with IDD and/or ASD (mean

  age = 23.6). Trainees made statistically significant gains on the

  competencies needed for independent travel. A significant condition x

  time (training) interaction was observed. Prior to training, people with

  ID (with and without ASD) had less developed travel skills than those

  with ASD (and no ID). Upon completion of the training, those with ID

  made larger gains in travel skills than those with ASD/no ID in which

  both groups had comparable skill levels.

  Conclusions: The results of this study provide preliminary support for

  the use of a structured and comprehensive travel training program to

  improve overall travel skills needed for public transportation.'
affiliation: 'Pfeiffer, B (Corresponding Author), Temple Univ, 1913 North Broad St,
  Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA.

  Pfeiffer, Beth; Sell, Annalisa; Bevans, Katherine B., Temple Univ, 1913 North Broad
  St, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA.'
article-number: '100813'
author: Pfeiffer, Beth and Sell, Annalisa and Bevans, Katherine B.
author-email: 'bpfeiffe@temple.edu

  annalisa.sell@temple.edu

  katherine.bevans@temple.edu'
author_list:
- family: Pfeiffer
  given: Beth
- family: Sell
  given: Annalisa
- family: Bevans
  given: Katherine B.
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2019.100813
files: []
issn: 2214-1405
journal: JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT \& HEALTH
keywords: 'Travel training; Intellectual and developmental disabilities; Public

  transportation'
keywords-plus: ADULTS; PEOPLE; ACCESS; WORK; PARTICIPATION; STUDENTS; OUTCOMES; YOUTH
language: English
month: MAR
number-of-cited-references: '48'
orcid-numbers: Pfeiffer, Beth/0000-0002-2017-8848
papis_id: dbaaa7b47bdb7edc01a918fad07a97cb
ref: Pfeiffer2020initialevaluation
times-cited: '10'
title: 'Initial evaluation of a public transportation training program for individuals
  with intellectual and developmental disabilities: Short report'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000539174500029
usage-count-last-180-days: '2'
usage-count-since-2013: '9'
volume: '16'
web-of-science-categories: Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health; Transportation
year: '2020'