abstract: 'There is much research about those who exit the labour market

  prematurely, however, comparatively little is known about people working

  longer and about their employment and working conditions. In this paper,

  we describe the employment and working conditions of men and women

  working between 65 and 80 years, and compare them with previous

  conditions of those retired in the same age group. Analyses are based on

  wave 4 data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe

  (SHARE) with information collected between 2009 and 2011 from 17,625

  older men and women across 16 European countries. Besides

  socio-demographic and health-related factors (physical and mental

  health), the focus lies on employment conditions (e.g. employment

  status, occupational position and working hours) and on stressful

  working conditions, measured in terms of low control at work and

  effort-reward imbalance. In case of retired people, information on

  working conditions refer to the last job before retirement. Following

  descriptive analyses, we then conduct multivariable analyses and

  investigate how working conditions and poor health are related to labour

  market participation (i.e. random intercept models accounting for

  country affiliation and adjusted for potential confounders). Results

  illustrate that people working between the ages of 65 and 80 are more

  likely to be self-employed (either with or without employees) and work

  in advantaged occupational positions. Furthermore, findings reveal that

  psychosocial working conditions are generally better than the conditions

  retired respondents had in their last job. Finally, in contrast to those

  who work, health tends to be worse among retired people. In conclusion,

  findings deliver empirical evidence that paid employment beyond age 65

  is more common among self-employed workers throughout Europe, in

  advantaged occupations and under-favourable psychosocial circumstances,

  and that this group of workers are in considerably good mental and

  physical health. This highlights that policies aimed at increasing the

  state pension age beyond the age of 65 years put pressure on specific

  disadvantaged groups of men and women.'
affiliation: 'Wahrendorf, M (Corresponding Author), Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Med Sociol,
  Fac Med, Ctr Hlth \& Soc, Dusseldorf, Germany.

  Wahrendorf, Morten, Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Med Sociol, Fac Med, Ctr Hlth \& Soc,
  Dusseldorf, Germany.

  Akinwale, Bola, Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care \& Publ Hlth, Int Ctr Life
  Course Studies Soc \& Hlth, London, England.

  Landy, Rebecca, Queen Mary Univ London, Wolfson Inst Prevent Med, Ctr Canc Prevent,
  London, England.

  Matthews, Katey, Univ Manchester, Cathie Marsh Inst Social Res, Manchester, Lancs,
  England.

  Blane, David, UCL, Dept Epidemiol \& Publ Hlth, Int Ctr Life Course Studies Soc
  \& Hlth, London, England.'
author: Wahrendorf, Morten and Akinwale, Bola and Landy, Rebecca and Matthews, Katey
  and Blane, David
author-email: wahrendorf@uni-duesseldorf.de
author_list:
- family: Wahrendorf
  given: Morten
- family: Akinwale
  given: Bola
- family: Landy
  given: Rebecca
- family: Matthews
  given: Katey
- family: Blane
  given: David
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1007/s12062-016-9160-4
eissn: 1874-7876
files: []
issn: 1874-7884
journal: JOURNAL OF POPULATION AGEING
keywords: Extended working life; Working conditions; Share
keywords-plus: 'EFFORT-REWARD IMBALANCE; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; EARLY RETIREMENT; PAID

  EMPLOYMENT; DISABILITY PENSION; OLDER WORKERS; POOR HEALTH; JOB DEMANDS;

  FOLLOW-UP; SCALE'
language: English
month: SEP
number: '3'
number-of-cited-references: '54'
orcid-numbers: 'Landy, Rebecca/0000-0003-4042-4820

  Wahrendorf, Morten/0000-0002-4191-1420'
pages: 269-285
papis_id: 26c223dedec23e6bd41cc0b2bfacbaed
ref: Wahrendorf2017whoeurope
times-cited: '43'
title: Who in Europe Works beyond the State Pension Age and under which Conditions?
  Results from SHARE
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000425329300005
usage-count-last-180-days: '1'
usage-count-since-2013: '14'
volume: '10'
web-of-science-categories: Gerontology
year: '2017'