abstract: 'Motivation The COVID-19 pandemic has massively disrupted international

  trade and global value chains. Impacts, however, differ across regions

  and industries. This article contributes to a better understanding of

  the scale of disruptions to industries and value chains integral to the

  economies of and livelihoods in developing countries, and what role

  policy can play to mitigate harm.

  Purpose This article aims to: (1) analyse and characterize disruptions

  to the global apparel value chain caused by the COVID-19 pandemic,

  focusing on how developing countries have been impacted, and; (2)

  identify key policies to support a resilient, inclusive and sustainable

  recovery.

  Approach and methods We review COVID-19 related reports published by

  international and non-governmental organizations, international trade

  and production statistics, industry surveys and media reports. We frame

  our analysis predominantly within the Global Value Chains literature.

  Findings The global apparel value chain has been severely disrupted by

  the pandemic, owing to direct effects of sickness on workers in

  factories, reduced output of materials-cloth, thread, etc.-used to

  fabricate clothing, and to reduced demand for apparel in high-income

  countries. Developing countries are suffering disproportionately in

  terms of profits, wages, job security and job safety. Women workers in

  the apparel chain have been hit especially hard, not only because most

  workers in the chain are women, but also because they have experienced

  increasing unpaid care work and higher risk of gender-based violence.

  Policy implications Five key areas of policy to support a resilient,

  inclusive and sustainable recovery stand out: (1) delivering emergency

  responses to ensure firm survival and the protection of workers''

  livelihoods; (2) reformulating FDI attraction strategies and promoting

  market diversification; (3) supporting technology adoption and skills

  development; (4) deploying labour standards to improve workers''

  conditions and strengthening social protection systems; and (5) adopting

  gender-sensitive responses.'
affiliation: 'Castaneda-Navarrete, J (Corresponding Author), Univ Cambridge, IfM Engage,
  Cambridge, England.

  Castaneda-Navarrete, Jennifer, Univ Cambridge, IfM Engage, Cambridge, England.

  Hauge, Jostein, London Sch Econ, Dept Int Relat, Int Polit Econ, London, England.

  Lopez-Gomez, Carlos, Univ Cambridge, IfM Engage, Policy Links, Cambridge, England.'
author: Castaneda-Navarrete, Jennifer and Hauge, Jostein and Lopez-Gomez, Carlos
author-email: jc2190@cam.ac.uk
author_list:
- family: Castaneda-Navarrete
  given: Jennifer
- family: Hauge
  given: Jostein
- family: Lopez-Gomez
  given: Carlos
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1111/dpr.12539
earlyaccessdate: APR 2021
eissn: 1467-7679
files: []
issn: 0950-6764
journal: DEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW
keywords: 'apparel industry; COVID-19; economic development; global value chains;

  power disparities; reshoring; supply chains'
keywords-plus: PRODUCTION NETWORKS
language: English
month: NOV
number: '6'
number-of-cited-references: '84'
orcid-numbers: 'Castaneda Navarrete, Jennifer/0000-0002-3402-8867

  Hauge, Jostein/0000-0002-8259-963X'
pages: 953-970
papis_id: 3c5a22c753f056d467814737399a8664
ref: Castanedanavarrete2021covid19simpacts
researcherid-numbers: 'Castañeda-Navarrete, Jennifer/AAT-5502-2021

  '
times-cited: '18'
title: COVID-19's impacts on global value chains, as seen in the apparel industry
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000635648100001
usage-count-last-180-days: '10'
usage-count-since-2013: '54'
volume: '39'
web-of-science-categories: Development Studies
year: '2021'