abstract: 'From the empirical point of view, measures that promote work flexibility

  increase income inequalities and unemployment rates in the long-term, as

  well as promoting employment precariousness and the informality of the

  labor sector. The objective of the present work is to investigate the

  effect on wage inequality of eliminating work flexibility, which was

  undertaken in Ecuador in 2008. A two-way effect econometric model was

  applied with panel data. Data from the 21 provinces of Ecuador covering

  the period of 2007 - 2018 were obtained from the National Employment,

  Unemployment and Under-Employment Survey (ENEMDU) of the National

  Statistical and Census Institute (INEC). The results suggest that the

  elimination of work flexibility had a significant and negative effect on

  inequality; the policy was effective in reducing inequality. This result

  is significant for all the years subsequent to the introduction of these

  measures, although with variations according to regional and economic

  characteristics. Policies aimed at reducing inequality should focus on

  improving workers'' bargaining power and on generating an environment

  that favors increasing levels of formality.'
affiliation: 'Del Rio-Rama, MD (Corresponding Author), Univ Vigo, Business Management
  \& Mkt Dept, Vigo, Spain.

  Quito, Byron; Ponce, Pablo, Univ Nacl Loja, Sch Econ, Loja, Ecuador.

  de la Cruz Del Rio-Rama, Maria, Univ Vigo, Business Management \& Mkt Dept, Vigo,
  Spain.

  Alvarez-Garcia, Jose, Univ Extremadura, Financial Econ \& Accounting Dept, Badajoz,
  Spain.'
author: Quito, Byron and Ponce, Pablo and de la Cruz Del Rio-Rama, Maria and Alvarez-Garcia,
  Jose
author-email: delrio.ou@gmail.com
author_list:
- family: Quito
  given: Byron
- family: Ponce
  given: Pablo
- family: de la Cruz Del Rio-Rama
  given: Maria
- family: Alvarez-Garcia
  given: Jose
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1285/i20705948v14n1p58
files: []
issn: 2070-5948
journal: ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
keywords: 'Income inequality; Work flexibility; Economic Policy; Panel data;

  Ecuador'
keywords-plus: LABOR-MARKET REFORMS; EMPLOYMENT; POLICIES; MOBILITY; IMPACT
language: English
month: MAY
number: '1'
number-of-cited-references: '57'
orcid-numbers: Álvarez-García, José/0000-0002-0056-5488
pages: 58-77
papis_id: fccb08ad300bf3e122b965812f7065d1
ref: Quito2021doeselimination
researcherid-numbers: 'Ponce, Pablo/AEQ-1113-2022

  Álvarez-García, José/X-9341-2019'
times-cited: '2'
title: Does the elimination of work flexibility contribute to reducing wage inequality?
  Empirical evidence from Ecuador
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000667723600005
usage-count-last-180-days: '2'
usage-count-since-2013: '3'
volume: '14'
web-of-science-categories: Statistics \& Probability
year: '2021'