abstract: 'The working lives of Americans have become less stable over the past

  several decades and older adults may be particularly vulnerable to these

  changes in employment quality (EQ). We aimed to develop a

  multidimensional indicator of EQ among older adults and identify EQ and

  retirement trajectories in the United States. Using longitudinal data on

  employment stability, material rewards, workers'' rights, working-time

  arrangements, unionization, and interpersonal power relations from the

  Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we used principal component analysis

  to construct an EQ score. Then, we used sequence analysis to identify

  late-career EQ trajectories (age 50-70 years; N = 11,958 respondents),

  overall and by sociodemographics (race, gender, educational attainment,

  marital status). We subsequently examined the sociodemographic,

  employment, and health profiles of these trajectories. We identified 10

  EQ trajectories; the most prevalent trajectories were Minimally Attached

  and Wealthy (13.9\%) and Good EQ to Well-off Retirement (13.7\%),

  however, 42\% of respondents were classified into suboptimal

  trajectories. Those in suboptimal trajectories were disproportionately

  women, people of color, and less-educated. Individuals in the Poor EQ to

  Delayed and Poor Retirement and Unattached and Poor dusters

  self-reported the greatest prevalence of poor health and depression,

  while individuals in the Wealthy Business Owners and Great EQ to

  Well-off Retirement clusters self-reported the lowest prevalence of poor

  health and depression at baseline. Trajectories were substantially

  constrained for women of color. Although our study demonstrates EQ is

  inequitably distributed in later life, labor organizing and policy

  change may afford opportunities to improve EQ and retirement among

  marginalized populations.'
affiliation: 'Andrea, SB (Corresponding Author), 593 Eddy St,Grads Dorm 308, Providence,
  RI 02903 USA.

  Andrea, Sarah B., OHSU PSU Sch Publ Hlth, Portland, OR USA.

  Andrea, Sarah B., Rhode Isl Hosp, Lifespan BERD Core, Providence, RI USA.

  Eisenberg-Guyot, Jerzy, Columbia Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York,
  NY USA.

  Oddo, Vanessa M., Univ Illinois, Dept Kinesiol \& Nutr, Chicago, IL USA.

  Peckham, Trevor, Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm \& Occupat Hlth Sci,
  Seattle, WA 98195 USA.

  Jacoby, Daniel, Univ Washington Bothell, Sch Interdisciplinary Arts \& Sci, Bothell,
  WA USA.

  Hajat, Anjum, Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195
  USA.'
author: Andrea, Sarah B. and Eisenberg-Guyot, Jerzy and Oddo, Vanessa M. and Peckham,
  Trevor and Jacoby, Daniel and Hajat, Anjum
author-email: andreasa@ohsu.edu
author_list:
- family: Andrea
  given: Sarah B.
- family: Eisenberg-Guyot
  given: Jerzy
- family: Oddo
  given: Vanessa M.
- family: Peckham
  given: Trevor
- family: Jacoby
  given: Daniel
- family: Hajat
  given: Anjum
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1093/workar/waab012
earlyaccessdate: JUN 2021
eissn: 2054-4650
files: []
issn: 2054-4642
journal: WORK AGING AND RETIREMENT
keywords-plus: 'PRECARIOUS EMPLOYMENT; LABOR-FORCE; DETERMINANT; PREVALENCE; INEQUALITY;

  WORKING; QUALITY; AGENCY; BACK; JOBS'
language: English
month: JAN
number: '1'
number-of-cited-references: '77'
pages: 51-73
papis_id: ad499d64b24c886f788d434c0fbf5496
ref: Andrea2022hoursworked
times-cited: '13'
title: 'Beyond Hours Worked and Dollars Earned: Multidimensional EQ, Retirement Trajectories
  and Health in Later Life'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000745661100005
usage-count-last-180-days: '1'
usage-count-since-2013: '4'
volume: '8'
web-of-science-categories: Industrial Relations \& Labor; Psychology, Applied; Management
year: '2022'