abstract: 'In Australia, as in many industrialized countries, the past 50 years

  have been marked by increasing female labor-force participation. It is

  popularly speculated that this might impose a mental-health burden on

  women and their children. This analysis aimed to examine the

  associations between household labor-force participation (household

  employment configuration) and the mental health of parents and children.

  Seven waves of data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children

  were used, comprising 2004-2016, with children aged 4-17 years). Mental

  health outcome measures were the Strengths and Difficulties

  Questionnaire (children/adolescents) and 6-item Kessler Psychological

  Distress Scale (parents). A 5-category measure of household employment

  configuration was derived from parental reports: both parents full-time,

  male-breadwinner, female-breadwinner, shared-part-time employment (both

  part-time) and father full-time/mother part-time (1.5-earner).

  Fixed-effects regression models were used to compare within-person

  effects, controlling for time-varying confounders. For men, the

  male-breadwinner configuration was associated with poorer mental health

  compared with the 1.5-earner configuration (beta = 0.21, 95\% confidence

  interval: 0.05, 0.36). No evidence of association was observed for

  either women or children. This counters prevailing social attitudes,

  suggesting that neither children nor women are adversely affected by

  household employment configuration, nor are they disadvantaged by the

  extent of this labor-force participation. Men''s mental health appears to

  be poorer when they are the sole household breadwinner.'
affiliation: 'King, TL (Corresponding Author), Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Populat
  \& Global Hlth, Ctr Hlth Equ, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.

  King, Tania L.; Shields, Marissa; Byars, Sean; Kavanagh, Anne M.; Milner, Allison,
  Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Populat \& Global Hlth, Ctr Hlth Equ, Melbourne, Vic
  3010, Australia.

  Craig, Lyn, Univ Melbourne, Sch Social \& Polit Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.'
author: King, Tania L. and Shields, Marissa and Byars, Sean and Kavanagh, Anne M.
  and Craig, Lyn and Milner, Allison
author-email: tking@unimelb.edu.au
author_list:
- family: King
  given: Tania L.
- family: Shields
  given: Marissa
- family: Byars
  given: Sean
- family: Kavanagh
  given: Anne M.
- family: Craig
  given: Lyn
- family: Milner
  given: Allison
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1093/aje/kwaa138
eissn: 1476-6256
files: []
issn: 0002-9262
journal: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
keywords: 'children; fixed effects; gender equality; labor-force participation;

  mental health; parents'
keywords-plus: 'GENDER-ROLE ATTITUDES; WORK-FAMILY; EQUALITY; WOMEN; TIME; BEHAVIOR;

  INEQUALITY; OUTCOMES'
language: English
month: DEC
number: '12'
number-of-cited-references: '49'
orcid-numbers: 'Shields, Marissa/0000-0002-2392-616X

  Kavanagh, Anne/0000-0002-1573-3464

  King, Tania/0000-0002-1201-2485'
pages: 1512-1520
papis_id: acbcb2b7b69184fb753abaf4023952ee
ref: King2020breadwinnerslosers
researcherid-numbers: 'Shields, Marissa/AAN-9024-2021

  Shields, Marissa/AAW-2670-2021

  '
times-cited: '3'
title: 'Breadwinners and Losers: Does the Mental Health of Mothers, Fathers, and Children
  Vary by Household Employment Arrangements? Evidence From 7 Waves of Data From the
  Longitudinal Study of Australian Children'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000605665400008
usage-count-last-180-days: '3'
usage-count-since-2013: '13'
volume: '189'
web-of-science-categories: Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health
year: '2020'