abstract: 'The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the vulnerability of tourism workers,

  but no detailed job loss figures are available that links tourism

  vulnerability with income inequality. This study evaluates how reduced

  international tourism consumption affects tourism employment and their

  income loss potential for 132 countries. This analysis shows that higher

  proportions of female (9.6\%) and youth (10.1\%) experienced

  unemployment whilst they were paid significantly less because they

  worked in tourism (-5\%) and if they were women (-23\%). Variations in

  policy support and pre-existing economic condition further created

  significant disparities on lost-income subsidies across countries. With

  the unequal financial burden across groups, income and regions, the

  collapse of international travel exacerbates short-term income

  inequality within and between countries.'
affiliation: 'Sun, YY (Corresponding Author), Univ Queensland, Business Sch, Room
  448,Bldg 39A GPN3,St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.

  Sun, Ya-Yen, Univ Queensland, Business Sch, Room 448,Bldg 39A GPN3,St Lucia Campus,
  Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.

  Li, Mengyu; Lenzen, Manfred, Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Integrated Sustainabil Anal,
  Sydney, NSW, Australia.

  Malik, Arunima, Univ Sydney, Sch Business, Discipline Accounting, Integrated Sustainabil
  Anal,Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

  Pomponi, Francesco, Edinburgh Napier Univ, Resource Efficient Built Environm Lab,
  Edinburgh, Scotland.'
article-number: '100046'
author: Sun, Ya-Yen and Li, Mengyu and Lenzen, Manfred and Malik, Arunima and Pomponi,
  Francesco
author-email: 'y.sun@business.uq.edu.au

  meli0258@uni.sydney.edu.au

  manfred.lenzen@sydney.edu.au

  arunima.malik@sydney.edu.au

  F.Pomponi@napier.ac.uk'
author_list:
- family: Sun
  given: Ya-Yen
- family: Li
  given: Mengyu
- family: Lenzen
  given: Manfred
- family: Malik
  given: Arunima
- family: Pomponi
  given: Francesco
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1016/j.annale.2022.100046
files: []
issn: 2666-9579
journal: ANNALS OF TOURISM RESEARCH EMPIRICAL INSIGHTS
keywords: 'COVID-19; Tourism workers; Employment vulnerability; Inequality; Women;

  Youth'
keywords-plus: EMPLOYMENT; IMPACTS; WORLD
language: English
month: MAY
number: '1'
number-of-cited-references: '60'
orcid-numbers: 'Malik, Arunima/0000-0002-4630-9869

  LI, Mengyu/0000-0002-6791-1170'
papis_id: 3c01c5e16e32bafae654faf28ed43d59
ref: Sun2022tourismjob
researcherid-numbers: 'Malik, Arunima/IZE-7937-2023

  LI, Mengyu/AAD-6059-2019'
times-cited: '24'
title: 'Tourism, job vulnerability and income inequality during the COVID-19 pandemic:
  A global perspective'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:001022085600004
usage-count-last-180-days: '2'
usage-count-since-2013: '2'
volume: '3'
web-of-science-categories: Hospitality, Leisure, Sport \& Tourism
year: '2022'