abstract: 'BackgroundIn the U.S., transgender and gender diverse (TGD) populations

  face structural, interpersonal, and individual barriers to healthcare.

  Less is known, however, about the HIV prevention and treatment

  experiences of TGD youth in the U.S. The current study was developed to

  fill this research gap.MethodsThis article describes the research

  protocol for a multi-site, U.S.-based mixed-methods study that sought to

  identify the multi-level facilitators and barriers that influence

  participation of TGD youth in various stages of the HIV prevention

  (e.g., pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake) and care continua. A sample of

  diverse TGD youth ages 16-24 was recruited from 14U.S. sites. TGD youth

  participants completed a one-time, in-person visit that included an

  informed consent process, computer-based quantitative survey, and

  in-depth qualitative interview assessing experiences accessing HIV

  prevention and/or care services. Providers serving TGD youth were

  recruited from the same 14 sites and completed a one-time visit via

  phone that included informed consent, demographic questionnaire, and

  in-depth qualitative interview assessing their experiences providing HIV

  prevention or treatment services to TGD youth.ResultsOverall, 186 TGD

  youth ages 16-24 and 59 providers serving TGD youth were recruited and

  enrolled from across the 14U.S. sites. TGD youth participants had a mean

  age of 20.69; 77.3\% youth of color; 59.7\% trans-feminine; 15.5\%

  trans-masculine; 24.9\% non-binary; 53.6\% family income under poverty

  level. Providers included medical and mental health providers as well as

  case manager/care coordinators, HIV test counselors, and health

  educators/outreach workers. Providers were 81.3\% cisgender and 30.5\%

  people of color. Successes with community-engagement strategies and

  gender-affirming research methods are reported.ConclusionsThis study

  addresses critical gaps in current knowledge about the HIV prevention

  and care experiences of TGD youth. Findings have implications for the

  development of HIV interventions across levels to support the health and

  well-being of TGD youth. Future research is warranted to replicate and

  expand on lessons learned regarding recruitment and engagement of

  communities of TGD youth, including longitudinal designs to assess

  engagement across their developmental stages. Lessons learned working

  with TGD youth through developing and implementing the study protocol

  are shared.Trial registrationRegistered on ClinicalTrials.gov on

  05/20/2015 (NCT02449629).'
affiliation: 'Jadwin-Cakmak, L (Corresponding Author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth,
  Dept Hlth Behav \& Hlth Educ, 1415 Washington Hts, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.

  Jadwin-Cakmak, Laura; Popoff, Elliot; Harper, Gary W., Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth,
  Dept Hlth Behav \& Hlth Educ, 1415 Washington Hts, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.

  Reisner, Sari L., Boston Childrens Hosp, Pediat, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
  USA.

  Reisner, Sari L., Harvard Med Sch, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.

  Reisner, Sari L.; Salomon, Liz, Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 677
  Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.

  Reisner, Sari L.; Hughto, Jaclyn M. W., Fenway Hlth, Fenway Inst, 1340 Boylston
  St, Boston, MA 02215 USA.

  Hughto, Jaclyn M. W., Brown Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 121 South Main
  St, Providence, RI 02912 USA.

  Hughto, Jaclyn M. W., Brown Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav \& Social Sci, 121 South
  Main St, Providence, RI 02912 USA.

  Hughto, Jaclyn M. W., Brown Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Equ Res, 121 South Main
  St, Providence, RI 02912 USA.

  Martinez, Miguel, Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Ctr Transyouth Hlth \& Dev, 4650 Sunset
  Blvd,MS 2, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA.

  Rivera, Bre Anne, Trans Sistas Color Project, 77 Victor St, Highland Pk, MI 48203
  USA.'
article-number: '1531'
author: Jadwin-Cakmak, Laura and Reisner, Sari L. and Hughto, Jaclyn M. W. and Salomon,
  Liz and Martinez, Miguel and Popoff, Elliot and Rivera, Bre Anne and Harper, Gary
  W.
author-email: ljadwin@umich.edu
author_list:
- family: Jadwin-Cakmak
  given: Laura
- family: Reisner
  given: Sari L.
- family: Hughto
  given: Jaclyn M. W.
- family: Salomon
  given: Liz
- family: Martinez
  given: Miguel
- family: Popoff
  given: Elliot
- family: Rivera
  given: Bre Anne
- family: Harper
  given: Gary W.
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7605-4
eissn: 1471-2458
files: []
journal: BMC PUBLIC HEALTH
keywords: 'Transgender; HIV prevention; HIV care continuum; Adolescent; Young

  adult; Mixed methods'
keywords-plus: 'SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIORS; MENTAL-HEALTH; TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; DEPRESSIVE

  SYMPTOMS; MINORITY STRESS; SOCIAL STRESS; SUBSTANCE USE; FEMALE YOUTH;

  GAY; PREVALENCE'
language: English
month: NOV 15
number: '1'
number-of-cited-references: '69'
orcid-numbers: Jadwin-Cakmak, Laura/0000-0001-5744-9632
papis_id: d20ea9a5b6d736130001d5a39a7de1de
ref: Jadwincakmak2019hivprevention
researcherid-numbers: 'Hughto, Jaclyn White/GNH-6189-2022

  '
times-cited: '9'
title: 'HIV prevention and HIV care among transgender and gender diverse youth: design
  and implementation of a multisite mixed-methods study protocol in the US'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000497732700002
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '7'
volume: '19'
web-of-science-categories: Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health
year: '2019'