abstract: 'Zambia has a generalized HIV epidemic, and HIV is concentrated along

  transit routes. Female sex workers (FSWs) are disproportionately

  affected by the epidemic. HIV testing is the crucial first step for

  engagement in HIV care and HIV prevention activities. However, to date

  little work has been done with FSWs in Zambia, and little is known about

  barriers and facilitators to HIV testing in this population. FSW peer

  educators were recruited through existing sex worker organizations for

  participation in a trial related to HIV testing among FSWs. We conducted

  five focus groups with FSW peer educators (N=40) in three transit towns

  in Zambia (Livingstone, Chirundu, and Kapiri Mposhi) to elicit community

  norms related to HIV testing. Emerging themes demonstrated barriers and

  facilitators to HIV testing occurring at multiple levels, including

  individual, social network, and structural. Stigma and discrimination,

  including healthcare provider stigma, were a particularly salient

  barrier. Improving knowledge, social support, and acknowledgment of FSWs

  and women''s role in society emerged as facilitators to testing.

  Interventions to improve HIV testing among FSWs in Zambia will need to

  address barriers and facilitators at multiple levels to be maximally

  effective.'
affiliation: 'Oldenburg, CE (Corresponding Author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Francis
  I Proctor Fdn, 513 Parnassus Ave,Room S334, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.

  Chanda, Michael M.; Mwale, Magdalene; Chongo, Steven; Kamungoma, Nyambe; Kanchele,
  Catherine, John Snow Inc, Lusaka, Zambia.

  Perez-Brumer, Amaya G., Columbia Univ, Dept Sociomed Sci, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth,
  New York, NY USA.

  Ortblad, Katrina F.; Baernighausen, Till, Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global
  Hlth \& Populat, Boston, MA USA.

  Fullem, Andrew, John Snow Inc, Boston, MA USA.

  Barresi, Leah, Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA.

  Baernighausen, Till, Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Fac Med, Heidelberg, Germany.

  Baernighausen, Till, Africa Hlth Res Inst, Mtubatuba, South Africa.

  Oldenburg, Catherine E., Univ Calif San Francisco, Francis I Proctor Fdn, 513 Parnassus
  Ave,Room S334, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.'
author: Chanda, Michael M. and Perez-Brumer, Amaya G. and Ortblad, Katrina F. and
  Mwale, Magdalene and Chongo, Steven and Kamungoma, Nyambe and Kanchele, Catherine
  and Fullem, Andrew and Barresi, Leah and Baernighausen, Till and Oldenburg, Catherine
  E.
author-email: catherine.oldenburg@ucsf.edu
author_list:
- family: Chanda
  given: Michael M.
- family: Perez-Brumer
  given: Amaya G.
- family: Ortblad
  given: Katrina F.
- family: Mwale
  given: Magdalene
- family: Chongo
  given: Steven
- family: Kamungoma
  given: Nyambe
- family: Kanchele
  given: Catherine
- family: Fullem
  given: Andrew
- family: Barresi
  given: Leah
- family: Baernighausen
  given: Till
- family: Oldenburg
  given: Catherine E.
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1089/apc.2017.0016
eissn: 1557-7449
files: []
issn: 1087-2914
journal: AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS
keywords: HIV testing; female sex workers; Zambia
keywords-plus: STIGMA; PREVENTION; CARE; HIV/AIDS; BURDEN; INCOME; RISK
language: English
month: JUL
number: '7'
number-of-cited-references: '32'
orcid-numbers: 'Ortblad, Katrina/0000-0002-5675-8836

  Perez-Brumer, Amaya/0000-0003-2441-4358'
pages: 290-296
papis_id: 8882f76aef555f15924687f3951de59c
ref: Chanda2017barriersfacilitators
researcherid-numbers: 'Ortblad, Katrina/ABF-9070-2020

  Perez-Brumer, Amaya/AAF-6336-2021

  Bärnighausen, Till/Y-2388-2019

  '
times-cited: '42'
title: Barriers and Facilitators to HIV Testing Among Zambian Female Sex Workers in
  Three Transit Hubs
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000405393000002
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '6'
volume: '31'
web-of-science-categories: Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health; Infectious
  Diseases
year: '2017'