abstract: 'As the threat of irreversible climate change has increased over time,

  the UK has continued to set increasingly ambitious policies to reduce

  its carbon emission. An assessment of mitigation progress to date at the

  local authority level clarifies the factors that have affected

  greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on the path to carbon neutrality. This

  research uses regression analyses between local authorities'' GHG

  emission redcutions and selected explanatory variables (including

  population density, household income, and manufacturing employment)

  identified from the literature to explore mitigation performance over

  time, focusing on GHG emissions changes between 2005 and 2016.

  Substantial and relatively consistent GHG emissions reductions were

  achieved in this time frame, with average total reductions across UK

  local authorities of 31.2\%. Population density was

  moderately-to-strongly correlated with the success of transportation GHG

  emissions mitigation, though this sector has seen the smallest

  percentage declines over this period. Local authorities with densities

  below 25 inhabitants per hectare were generally among the poorest

  performers in transportation GHG mitigation. This underscores the need

  to support remote working and electrification of personal transportation

  in areas where public/active transportation options are not viable

  alternatives. Furthermore, consideration of population density in

  conjunction with domestic and urban planning will allow for future

  emissions reductions to occur across the UK. Fundamentally, GHG

  emissions reductions to date are largely driven by historic factors

  (density), shifting economic structures (deindustrialisation), and

  centralised initiatives (decarbonisation of electricity generation).'
affiliation: 'Mohareb, E (Corresponding Author), Univ Reading, Sch Construct Management
  \& Engn, Reading, Berks, England.

  Butt, Thomas; Mohareb, Eugene; Egbor, Kelvin, Univ Reading, Sch Construct Management
  \& Engn, Reading, Berks, England.

  Hashemi, Arman, Univ East London, Sch Architecture Comp \& Engn, London, England.

  Heidrich, Oliver, Newcastle Univ, Sch Engn, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne \& Wear, England.

  Heidrich, Oliver, Newcastle Univ, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change, Newcastle Upon Tyne,
  Tyne \& Wear, England.'
author: Butt, Thomas and Mohareb, Eugene and Egbor, Kelvin and Hashemi, Arman and
  Heidrich, Oliver
author-email: e.mohareb@reading.ac.uk
author_list:
- family: Butt
  given: Thomas
- family: Mohareb
  given: Eugene
- family: Egbor
  given: Kelvin
- family: Hashemi
  given: Arman
- family: Heidrich
  given: Oliver
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1080/17583004.2022.2120418
eissn: 1758-3012
files: []
issn: 1758-3004
journal: CARBON MANAGEMENT
keywords: 'Local authorities; United Kingdom; transportation emissions; domestic

  emissions; industrial \& commercial emissions'
keywords-plus: 'CO2 EMISSIONS; ENERGY USE; ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE;

  CARBON; REDUCTION; BARRIERS; DRIVERS; LIFE'
language: English
month: SEP 3
number: '1'
number-of-cited-references: '79'
orcid-numbers: 'Mohareb, Eugene/0000-0003-0344-2253

  Hashemi, Arman/0000-0002-6311-000X

  Heidrich, Oliver/0000-0002-6581-5572'
pages: 463-481
papis_id: 9e2ab596979dc9a9aa6e2dce707ba8c7
ref: Butt2022analysisgreenhouse
times-cited: '0'
title: Analysis of greenhouse gas mitigation performance in UK urban areas
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000863567200001
usage-count-last-180-days: '7'
usage-count-since-2013: '15'
volume: '13'
web-of-science-categories: Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
year: '2022'