abstract: 'Despite geographic, financial, and cultural diversity, publications

  dealing with the pharmacist workforce throughout the world share common

  concerns and focus on similar topics. Their findings are presented in

  the literature in a seemingly unrelated way even though they are

  connected to one another as parts of a comprehensive theoretical

  structure. The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical model

  that relates some of the most salient topics addressed in the

  international literature on pharmacist workforce. The model is developed

  along two fundamental ideas. The first identifies the shape and location

  of the pharmacist''s labor supply curve as the driving force behind all

  workforce decisions undertaken by pharmacists; the second argues that

  gender and age differences are two of the most important factors

  determining the shape and location of this supply curve. The paper then

  discusses movements along the curve attributed to changes in the wage

  rate, as well as displacements of the curve attributed to disparities in

  personal characteristics, investments in human capital, job-related

  preferences, opinions and perceptions, and institutional rigidities. The

  focus is on the individual pharmacist, not on groups of pharmacists or

  the profession as a whole. Works in multiple countries that address each

  topic are identified. Understanding these considerations is critical as

  employers'' failure to accommodate pharmacists'' preferences for work and

  leisure are associated with negative consequences not only for them but

  also for the healthcare system as a whole. Possible consequences include

  excessive job turnover, absenteeism, decreased institutional commitment,

  and lower quality of work.'
affiliation: 'Carvajal, MJ (Corresponding Author), Nova Southeastern Univ, Coll Pharm,
  Dept Sociobehav \& Adm Pharm, 3200 South Univ Dr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33328 USA.

  Carvajal, Manuel J., Nova Southeastern Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Sociobehav \& Adm
  Pharm, 3200 South Univ Dr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33328 USA.'
author: Carvajal, Manuel J.
author-email: cmanuel@nova.edu
author_list:
- family: Carvajal
  given: Manuel J.
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.11.017
eissn: 1934-8150
files: []
issn: 1551-7411
journal: RESEARCH IN SOCIAL \& ADMINISTRATIVE PHARMACY
keywords: 'Labor supply; Pharmacist workforce; Theoretical framework; Worldwide

  literature'
keywords-plus: 'HEALTH-CARE PROVIDERS; JOB-SATISFACTION; COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS; FORCE

  PARTICIPATION; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; FUTURE; LIFE; EMPLOYMENT; HOSPITALS;

  STRESS'
language: English
month: NOV
number: '11'
number-of-cited-references: '118'
pages: 999-1006
papis_id: d27cdf8867b9403b88f6c0ccb1f30b54
ref: Carvajal2018theoreticalframework
tags:
- review
times-cited: '3'
title: 'A theoretical framework for the interpretation of pharmacist workforce studies
  throughout the world: The labor supply curve'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000447013800003
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '6'
volume: '14'
web-of-science-categories: Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health; Pharmacology
  \& Pharmacy
year: '2018'