abstract: 'BackgroundLeisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is an important

  contributor to total physical activity and the focus of many

  interventions promoting activity in high-income populations. Little is

  known about LTPA in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and with expected declines

  in physical activity due to rapid urbanisation and lifestyle changes we

  aimed to assess the sociodemographic differences in the prevalence of

  LTPA in the adult populations of this region to identify potential

  barriers for equitable participation.MethodsA two-step individual

  participant data meta-analysis was conducted using data collected in SSA

  through 10 population health surveys that included the Global Physical

  Activity Questionnaire. For each sociodemographic characteristic, the

  pooled adjusted prevalence and risk ratios (RRs) for participation in

  LTPA were calculated using the random effects method. Between-study

  heterogeneity was explored through meta-regression analyses and tests

  for interaction.ResultsAcross the 10 populations (N =26,022), 18.9\%

  (95\%CI: 14.3, 24.1; I-2 =99.0\%) of adults (>= 18years) participated in

  LTPA. Men were more likely to participate in LTPA compared with women

  (RR for women: 0.43; 95\%CI: 0.32, 0.60; P <0.001; I-2 =97.5\%), while

  age was inversely associated with participation. Higher levels of

  education were associated with increased LTPA participation (RR: 1.30;

  95\%CI: 1.09, 1.55; P =0.004; I-2 =98.1\%), with those living in rural

  areas or self-employed less likely to participate in LTPA. These

  associations remained after adjusting for time spent physically active

  at work or through active travel.ConclusionsIn these populations,

  participation in LTPA was low, and strongly associated with sex, age,

  education, self-employment and urban residence. Identifying the

  potential barriers that reduce participation in these groups is

  necessary to enable equitable access to the health and social benefits

  associated with LTPA.'
affiliation: 'Sandhu, MS (Corresponding Author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Med, Cambridge,
  England.

  Barr, Anna Louise; Partap, Uttara; Young, Elizabeth H.; Sandhu, Manjinder S., Univ
  Cambridge, Dept Med, Cambridge, England.

  Partap, Uttara; Young, Elizabeth H., Wellcome Sanger Inst, Genome Campus, Hinxton,
  England.

  Agoudavi, Kokou, Togo Minist Hlth, Lome, Togo.

  Balde, Naby, Donka Univ Hosp, Dept Endocrinol \& Diabet, Conakry, Guinea.

  Kagaruki, Gibson B., Natl Inst Med Res, Tukuyu Res Ctr, Tukuyu, Tanzania.

  Mayige, Mary T., Natl Inst Med Res, Headquarter Res Ctr, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.

  Longo-Mbenza, Benjamin, Walter Sisulu Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Mthatha, Eastern Cape,
  South Africa.

  Longo-Mbenza, Benjamin, LOMO Univ Res, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO.

  Mutungi, Gerald, Minist Hlth, Control Noncommunicable Dis Desk, Kampala, Uganda.

  Mwalim, Omar, Zanzibar Minist Hlth, Mnazi Mmoja, Tanzania.

  Wesseh, Chea S., Minist Hlth, Monrovia, Liberia.

  Bahendeka, Silver K., Uganda Martyrs Univ, Mother Kevin Postgrad Med Sch MKPGMS,
  Kampala, Uganda.

  Bahendeka, Silver K., St Francis Hosp, Kampala, Uganda.

  Guwatudde, David, Makerere Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol \& Biostat, Kampala,
  Uganda.

  Jorgensen, Jutta M. Adelin, Univ Copenhagen, Dept Publ Hlth, Copenhagen, Denmark.

  Bovet, Pascal, Univ Ctr Primary Care \& Publ Hlth Unisante, Lausanne, Switzerland.

  Bovet, Pascal, Minist Hlth, Victoria, Seychelles.

  Motala, Ayesha A., Univ KwaZulu Natal, Nelson R Mandela Sch Med, Dept Diabet \&
  Endocrinol, Durban, South Africa.'
author: Barr, Anna Louise and Partap, Uttara and Young, Elizabeth H. and Agoudavi,
  Kokou and Balde, Naby and Kagaruki, Gibson B. and Mayige, Mary T. and Longo-Mbenza,
  Benjamin and Mutungi, Gerald and Mwalim, Omar and Wesseh, Chea S. and Bahendeka,
  Silver K. and Guwatudde, David and Jorgensen, Jutta M. Adelin and Bovet, Pascal
  and Motala, Ayesha A. and Sandhu, Manjinder S.
author-email: mss31@cam.ac.uk
author_list:
- family: Barr
  given: Anna Louise
- family: Partap
  given: Uttara
- family: Young
  given: Elizabeth H.
- family: Agoudavi
  given: Kokou
- family: Balde
  given: Naby
- family: Kagaruki
  given: Gibson B.
- family: Mayige
  given: Mary T.
- family: Longo-Mbenza
  given: Benjamin
- family: Mutungi
  given: Gerald
- family: Mwalim
  given: Omar
- family: Wesseh
  given: Chea S.
- family: Bahendeka
  given: Silver K.
- family: Guwatudde
  given: David
- family: Jorgensen
  given: Jutta M. Adelin
- family: Bovet
  given: Pascal
- family: Motala
  given: Ayesha A.
- family: Sandhu
  given: Manjinder S.
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08987-w
eissn: 1471-2458
files: []
journal: BMC PUBLIC HEALTH
keywords: 'Leisure-time physical activity; Physical activity; Sub-Saharan Africa;

  Occupational physical activity; Active travel; Global physical activity

  questionnaire; Recreation; Equity; Urbanisation; Mechanisation'
keywords-plus: 'ORGANIZATION STEPWISE APPROACH; HEALTH; ADULTS; RISK; PATTERNS; DISEASE;

  OBESITY; TRENDS; URBAN; ENVIRONMENTS'
language: English
month: JUN 15
number: '1'
number-of-cited-references: '80'
orcid-numbers: 'Mayige, Mary Theodory/0000-0003-4861-7870

  Bovet, Pascal/0000-0002-0242-4259

  Guwatudde, David/0000-0003-3563-0224

  Agoudavi, Kokou/0000-0002-3139-9777

  Silver, Bahendeka/0000-0001-8080-7872

  Mwalim, Omar/0000-0002-0791-1937'
papis_id: 5ed2a23394168525dfe263a9999eba3a
ref: Barr2020sociodemographicineq
researcherid-numbers: 'Mayige, Mary Theodory/L-5342-2016

  Bovet, Pascal/F-4477-2011

  '
times-cited: '15'
title: 'Sociodemographic inequities associated with participation in leisure-time
  physical activity in sub-Saharan Africa: an individual participant data meta-analysis'
type: article
unique-id: WOS:000542634700002
usage-count-last-180-days: '0'
usage-count-since-2013: '7'
volume: '20'
web-of-science-categories: Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health
year: '2020'