abstract: 'Objective Food insecurity, lack of access to food due to financial

  constraints, is highly associated with poor health outcomes. Households

  dependent on social assistance are at increased risk of experiencing

  food insecurity, but food insecurity has also been reported in

  households reporting their main source of income from employment/wages

  (working households). The objective of the present study was to examine

  the correlates of food insecurity among households reliant on employment

  income.

  Design Working households reporting food insecurity were studied through

  analysis of the Canadian Community Health Survey, 2007-2008, employing

  descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Food insecurity was

  measured using the Household Food Security Survey Module; all provinces

  participated.

  Setting Canada.

  Subjects Canadian households where main income was derived through

  labour force participation. Social assistance recipients were excluded.

  Results For the period 2007-2008, 4 \% of working households reported

  food insecurity. Canadian households reliant on primary earners with

  less education and lower incomes were significantly more likely to

  experience food insecurity; these differences were accentuated across

  some industry sectors. Residence in Quebec was protective. Working

  households experiencing food insecurity were more likely to include

  earners reporting multiples jobs and higher job stress. Visible minority

  workers with comparable education levels experienced higher rates of

  food insecurity than European-origin workers.

  Conclusions Reliance on employment income does not eliminate food

  insecurity for a significant proportion of households, and

  disproportionately so for households with racialized minority workers.

  Increases in work stress may increase the susceptibility to poor health

  outcomes of workers residing in households reporting food insecurity.'
affiliation: 'McIntyre, L (Corresponding Author), Univ Calgary, Fac Med, Dept Community
  Hlth Sci, TRW Bldg,Room 3E14 3rd Floor,3280 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.

  McIntyre, Lynn; Bartoo, Aaron C., Univ Calgary, Fac Med, Dept Community Hlth Sci,
  Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.

  Emery, J. C. Herbert, Univ Calgary, Fac Arts, Dept Econ, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.'
author: McIntyre, Lynn and Bartoo, Aaron C. and Emery, J. C. Herbert
author-email: lmcintyr@ucalgary.ca
author_list:
- family: McIntyre
  given: Lynn
- family: Bartoo
  given: Aaron C.
- family: Emery
  given: J. C. Herbert
da: '2023-09-28'
doi: 10.1017/S1368980012004053
eissn: 1475-2727
files: []
issn: 1368-9800
journal: PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION
keywords: Food insecurity; Labour market; Education; Industry
keywords-plus: 'SHIFT WORK; MARKET ADJUSTMENT; HOUSEHOLD; HEALTH; INCOME; RISK;

  DISPARITIES; PATTERNS; WELFARE; COHORT'
language: English
month: JAN
number: '1'
number-of-cited-references: '55'
pages: 49-57
papis_id: 74f366651475cc399cba2acd29b3ae01
ref: Mcintyre2014whenworking
times-cited: '53'
title: 'When working is not enough: food insecurity in the Canadian labour force'
type: Article
unique-id: WOS:000332383300008
usage-count-last-180-days: '1'
usage-count-since-2013: '31'
volume: '17'
web-of-science-categories: Public, Environmental \& Occupational Health; Nutrition
  \& Dietetics
year: '2014'